Hybrid polyether-palm oil polyester polyol based rigid polyurethane foam reinforced with cellulose nanocrystal

Septevani, Athanasia Amanda; Evans, David A. C.; Martin, Darren J.; Annamalai, Pratheep K.

doi:10.1016/j.indcrop.2017.12.032

Cited by 50 publications

(43 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…As a structural material, rigid polyurethane foams should possess a certain strength, toughness, and heat resistance. Due to this, many additives such as nanoparticles or fibers have been used as reinforcement fillers for the production of rigid polyurethane foams [2][3][4][5][6][7][8]. Besides several inorganic fillers, such as nanoclay [9,10], expandable graphite [11][12][13][14], silica [15][16][17][18][19], talc [17,20,21], or polyhedral oligosilsesquioxanes (POSS) [22][23][24][25], the production of composite foams with bio-based fillers from natural recourses has attracted attention due to their environmentally friendly character [26][27][28][29].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Chemically Treated Eucalyptus Fibers on Mechanical, Thermal and Insulating Properties of Polyurethane Composite Foams

et al. 2020

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In this work, rigid polyurethane (PUR) foams were prepared by incorporating 2 wt% of eucalyptus fibers. The eucalyptus fibers were surface-modified by maleic anhydride, alkali, and silane (triphenylsilanol) treatment. The impact of the modified eucalyptus fibers on the mechanical, thermal, and fire performances of polyurethane foams was analyzed. It was observed that the addition of eucalyptus fibers showed improved mechanical and thermal properties and the best properties were shown by silane-treated fibers with a compressive strength of 312 kPa and a flexural strength of 432 kPa. Moreover, the thermal stability values showed the lowest decline for polyurethane foams modified with the silane-treated fibers, due to the better thermal stability of such modified fibers. Furthermore, the flame resistance of polyurethane foams modified with the silane-treated fibers was also the best among the studied composites. A cone calorimetry test showed a decrease in the peak of heat release from 245 to 110 kW∙m−2 by the incorporation of silane-treated fibers. Furthermore, total heat release and total smoke release were also found to decrease remarkably upon the incorporation of silane-treated fibers. The value of limiting oxygen index was increased from 20.2% to 22.1%. Char residue was also found to be increased from 24.4% to 28.3%. It can be concluded that the application of chemically modified eucalyptus fibers has great potential as an additive to incorporate good mechanical, thermal, and fire properties in rigid polyurethane foams.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Chemically Treated Eucalyptus Fibers on Mechanical, Thermal and Insulating Properties of Polyurethane Composite Foams

et al. 2020

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“…Saat ini pemanfaatan serat selulosa tidak hanya untuk pemenuhan produksi konvesional pulp kertas saja, akan tetapi telah banyak digunakan sebagai material pengisi (filler) pada komposit berbagai polimer seperti thermoplastik, coating dan foam (Utomo, Farid, dan Nurdiansah 2017;Hermawan 2017; Athanasia Amanda ; Athanasia A. Septevani et al 2018).…”

Section: Pendahuluanunclassified

Pengaruh Proses Pemutihan Multi Tahap Serat Selulosa Dari Limbah Tandan Kosong Kelapa Sawit

2018

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ABSTRAK PENGARUH PROSES PEMUTIHAN MULTI TAHAP SERAT SELULOSA DARI LIMBAH TANDAN KOSONG KELAPA SAWIT. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk meningkatkan kandungan selulosa limbah tandan kosong kelapa sawit melalui proses bertahap delignifikasi NaOH dilanjutkan dengan pemutihan menggunakan NaClO2. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kandungan selulosa limbah tandan kosong kelapa sawit berhasil ditingkatkan hingga hampir dua kali dari 37,6 ± 0,3% menjadi 84,2 ± 0,3%. Lebih lanjut, proses pemutihan multi tahap menggunakan NaClO2 dapat menurunkan kandungan lignin tandan kosong kelapa sawit menjadi sebesar 3,1 ± 0,2% hampir sama dengan standar selulosa, yaitu 2,6%. Penggunaan NaClO2 juga mampu menurunkan kadar hemiselulosa hingga 12,6%, lebih rendah dibandingkan standar selulosa, yaitu 16,6%. Dari hasil FTIR, gugus puncak serapan selulosa meningkat secara signifikan, sedangkan hemiselulosa dan lignin mengalami penurunan intensitas. Analisa SEM menunjukkan bahwa proses delignifikasi basa dan pemutihan menyebabkan permukaan serat TKS berpori dan bersih yang mengindikasikan berkurangnya lignin dan hemiselulosa. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian ini, proses delignifikasi NaOH dan pemutihan NaClO2 memiliki selektivitas tinggi yang dapat secara simultan mengurangi kadar hemiselulosa dan lignin tanpa merusak struktur selulosa.Kata kunci : Tandan kosong kelapa sawit, Delignifikasi, Pemutihan, Selulosa ABSTRACT THE EFFECT OF MULTI STAGE BLEACHING PROCESS ON CELLULOSIC FIBRE BASED ON OIL PALM EMPTY FRUIT BUNCHES.This study aims to increase the cellulose content of oil palm empty fruit bunch by sequential delignification using NaOH followed by bleaching process using NaClO2. Results showed that the cellulose content increased twice than the initial content, from 37.6 ± 0.3% to 84.2 ± 0.3%. Moreover, after the bleaching process using NaClO2 and two times of washing, the lignin content can be reduced to 3.1 ± 0.2 %, which was almost similar with cellulose standard (2.6%). Correspondingly, the utilization of NaClO2 also reduced the hemicellulose content to 12.6%, even lower than the cellulose standard (16.6%). FTIR spectrum showed that the peak absorption of cellulose increased significantly after the sequential process of delignification-bleaching. SEM analysis showed an increased in the porosity of the fiber. The bleached OPEFB was cleaner which indicated the removal of lignin and hemicellulose along with other extractives. From this result, it can be concluded that delignification using NaOH and bleaching using NaClO2 offered high selectivity which simultaneously reduced the hemicellulose and lignin content without disrupting the structure of cellulose.

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“…There is a limit utilization of EFB which is only 10% of EFB has been used for boiler and compost fuel, while most of them are discarded or burnt causing serious environmental problem and giving no benefits (Ngadi and Lani, 2014). EFB contains high cellulose about 43%, hemicellulose 24%, and lignin 21% Septevani et al, 2018). The high content of cellulose can be used as a potential advance material due to, low density, low abrasiveness, high biodegradable capability and recently reported as effective adsorption capacity (Septevani et al, 2018;Septevani et al, 2020).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…EFB contains high cellulose about 43%, hemicellulose 24%, and lignin 21% Septevani et al, 2018). The high content of cellulose can be used as a potential advance material due to, low density, low abrasiveness, high biodegradable capability and recently reported as effective adsorption capacity (Septevani et al, 2018;Septevani et al, 2020).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Solely Cellulose-based Adsorbent Derived from Oil Palm Empty Fruit Bunches for Dye Removal

Septevani

Afandi

Sampora

et al. 2020

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The purpose of this research is to determine the adsorption capability of micro and nano-cellulose derived from oil palm empty fruit bunch (EFB) as dye removal. Cellulose based adsorbents were successfully obtained from EFB in the form of microcellulose (eMC) via both delignification (D-eMC) and bleaching processes (B-eMC) as well as in nanocellulose (eNC) by using acid hydrolysis method and hence termed as delignified-eNC (D-eNC) and bleached-eNC (B-eNC) respectively. Dye adsorption test was carried out by UV-Spectrophotometer by comparing initial dye MO concentration (as a control solution) to the treated MO solution upon the addition of micro- and nano- cellulose based adsorbent. It was clear that the dye removal efficiency of micro-cellulose both D-eMC and B-eMC were lower than the nano-cellulose structures. The higher adsorptive capacity of nano-size cellulose compared to the micro-size cellulose was confirmed by the distinct presence of FTIR shifting peak of hydroxyl and sulfonyl groups. It was expected as the micro-size of cellulose would not be able to provide a good adsorptive capability of hydroxyl surface active agent to adsorb the dye. In the case of eNC, the result showed that D-eNC afforded a better dye adsorption than B-eNC. At the same concentration of eNC at 3 wt. %, D-eNC could adsorb at about 19.3% of MO while only 2.4% of MO could be removed by B-eNC. Finally, all of adsorbent could maintain pH and TDS within water quality specification.

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Hybrid polyether-palm oil polyester polyol based rigid polyurethane foam reinforced with cellulose nanocrystal

Cited by 50 publications

References 26 publications

Effects of Chemically Treated Eucalyptus Fibers on Mechanical, Thermal and Insulating Properties of Polyurethane Composite Foams

Effects of Chemically Treated Eucalyptus Fibers on Mechanical, Thermal and Insulating Properties of Polyurethane Composite Foams

Pengaruh Proses Pemutihan Multi Tahap Serat Selulosa Dari Limbah Tandan Kosong Kelapa Sawit

Solely Cellulose-based Adsorbent Derived from Oil Palm Empty Fruit Bunches for Dye Removal

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