Hybrid phenolic friction composites containing Kevlar® pulp Part II—wear surface characteristics

Gopal, P.; Dharani, Lokeswarappa R.; Blum, Frank D.

doi:10.1016/0043-1648(95)06709-4

Cited by 33 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…According to the available literature, different combination of fibers, fillers, and friction modifiers had been explored in asbestos and NAO friction materials [5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19]. However, a little is reported on systematic studies about the influence of resins and their modification on fade and recovery behavior of friction materials.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

NBR-modified Resin in Fade and Recovery Module in Non-asbestos Organic (NAO) Friction Materials

Nidhi

Bijwe

2007

Tribol Lett

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Phenol formaldehyde resin is one of the most important ingredients in friction materials that binds the other multiple ingredients firmly. The type and amount of resin in the friction material is very critical for structural integrity of the composites. The present work evaluates the influence of modification of straight phenolic resin by Nitrile Butadiene rubber (NBR) on fade and recovery behavior of friction composites developed in the laboratory. It also addresses the issue related to the variation in the amount of resin on the performance properties. The variation in amount of resin (10, 12.5, and 15 wt.%) was achieved by compensating with inert filler viz. BaSO 4 (30, 27.5, and 25 wt.%) in the parent composition. Rest of the ingredients (60 wt.%) were in identical amount in all the composites. Fade and recovery studies on these composites were done according to Economic Commission for Europe (ECE) R-90 regulation. The friction coefficient (l) (all types viz.-performance, fade and recovery), extent of fade and recovery, increase in counter-face temperature, wear and mechanical properties were significantly influenced by the modification and variation in amount of resin. It was observed that with increase in amount of resin, all types of l decreased and extent of fade increased. Mechanical properties and wear resistance, in general, improved with increase in percentage and modification of resin. In general, it was concluded that NBR modification in straight phenolic resin resulted in improvement in some of the performance properties such as performance l, recovery l, and % recovery. Other properties such as fade l and fade resistance, however, were adversely affected. No clear trends emerged in wear performance.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

NBR-modified Resin in Fade and Recovery Module in Non-asbestos Organic (NAO) Friction Materials

Nidhi

Bijwe

2007

Tribol Lett

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“…Kevlar pulp is a kind of short, tough, highly fibrillated aramid fiber, which provides improved wear resistance and friction stability [11][12][13]. Kevlar pulp reinforced composites are widely used in friction materials.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of surface treatment on the mechanical and tribological performance of Kevlar pulp reinforced epoxy composites

Cheng

2006

Tribol Lett

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Solutions of rare earth modifier (RES) and epoxy chloropropane (ECP) grafting modification method were used for the surface treatment of Kevlar pulp. The surface characteristics of untreated and treated Kevlar pulp were characterized by Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscope. The bend strength and block-on-ring wear behavior of Kevlar pulp/epoxy composites were comparatively investigated. The worn surfaces of the composites were examined by scanning electron microscope (SEM). The results show that surface treatment can effectively improve the interfacial adhesion between Kevlar fiber and epoxy matrix. Thus, the bend strength and wear resistance were significantly improved. The RES surface treatment is superior to ECP grafting treatment in promoting interfacial adhesion between Kevlar fiber and epoxy resin.

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“…Worn surface studies have been reported as an efficient tool to explain wear mechanism and hence extent of wear of composites in the literature [5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15]. As per literature broken fibers and other hard inclusions which are embedded on the surface of the composites represent primary plateaus while smooth protruding patches on the surface represent the secondary plateaus.…”

Section: Worn Surface Studies By Semmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A lot is reported on the influence of fibers, fillers and friction modifiers in different combinations on performance of friction materials in fade and recovery condition [5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19]. However, a little is reported on systematic studies about the influence of resins and their modification on fade and recovery behavior of friction materials.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Influence of amount and modification of resin on fade and recovery behavior of non-asbestos organic (NAO) friction materials

2006

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Phenol formaldehyde resin is one of the most important ingredients in friction materials that binds the other multiple ingredients firmly. The type and amount of resin in the friction material is very critical for structural integrity of the composite. Present work focuses on the influence of resin percentage and modification of straight phenolic resin by cashew nut shell liquid (CNSL) on fade and recovery behavior of friction composites developed in the laboratory. These composites were based on variation in amount of CNSL modified resin (10, 12.5, and 15 wt.%) keeping other ingredients same. Fade and recovery studies on these composites were done according to ECE R-90 regulation. The friction coefficient (l) (all types viz. performance, fade, and recovery), extent of fade and recovery, increase in counterface temperature, wear and mechanical properties were significantly influenced by the variation in amount of resin. It was observed that with increase in amount of resin all types of l decreased and extent of fade increased. Most of the mechanical properties and wear, however, improved with increase in percentage of resin. Since l is more important for friction materials rather than wear, it was concluded that 10 wt.% CNSL resin was an optimum amount for best friction performance in severe operating conditions. The performance properties of these composites when compared with similar composites based on unmodified resin in earlier work, it was revealed that the modification of phenolic resin by CNSL deteriorated the fade and recovery performance.

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Hybrid phenolic friction composites containing Kevlar® pulp Part II—wear surface characteristics

Cited by 33 publications

References 4 publications

NBR-modified Resin in Fade and Recovery Module in Non-asbestos Organic (NAO) Friction Materials

NBR-modified Resin in Fade and Recovery Module in Non-asbestos Organic (NAO) Friction Materials

Effect of surface treatment on the mechanical and tribological performance of Kevlar pulp reinforced epoxy composites

Influence of amount and modification of resin on fade and recovery behavior of non-asbestos organic (NAO) friction materials

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