Hybrid performance and heterosis in F1 offspring of triticale (× Triticosecale Wittm.)

Abstract

In this study, the combined ability effects and heterosis were determined for number of days to anthesis (AT), plant height (PH), fertile tillers plant -1 (FT), spike length (SL), spikelets spike-1 (SS) and grains spike -1 (GS), 1000-kernel weight (TW), and grain yield plant -1 (GY) of 4 triticale genotypes [Karma (G1), Presto (G2), Ayşehanım (G3), and Mehmetbey (G4)] and their 6 F 1 offspring. The mean squares of general combining ability (GCA) and specific combining ability (SCA) were statistically significant for all traits. According to the GCA/SCA, additive gene effects were found for all traits. According to the desired values for traits on the basis of GCA and SCA, parents G1 were good general combiners for 3 traits, G3 for 6, and G4 for 6. Crosses G1 × G2 were good specific combiners for 3 traits, G1 × G3 for 3, G1 × G4 for 3, G2 × G3 for 5, G2 × G4 for 6, and G3 × G4 for 4. Heterosis and heterobeltiosis were -16.78% and -25.71% for AT, -1.66% and -11.02% for PH, 34.25% and 9.87% for FT, 14.62% and 11.44% for SL, 8.09% and 3.87% for SS, 4.57% and 0.91% for GS, 9.67% and 6.13% for TW, and 30.36% and 9.11% for GY, respectively. The results revealed that G2 × G3 and G2 × G4 combinations could be recommended for improved yield of triticale.

Genetic parameters estimation in quantitative traits of a cross of triticale (x Triticosecale W.)

“…Fischer et al (2010) mention that the prediction of the heterosis based on the parents averages of a single cross result in low precision, and in such a case, it would be advisable to carry out a general and specific combining ability analysis. Other authors (Oettler et al 2001;Cifci and Yagdi 2007;Yildirim et al 2014) have reported similar values of heterosis and heterobeltiosis in triticale. Traits that presented inbreeding depression were SP (-21.6), SL (-2.52), SS (-3.29), SG (-5.99) and GY (-26.64).…”

“…The analysis of the nature and magnitude of the gene effects on quantitative traits helps the researcher to design an efficient improvement program and to provide information on the potential manifestation of heterosis (Shekhawat et al 2000). Analysis of relative mid-parent heterosis (Mh%) and heterobeltiosis (Hh%) allows to define the breeding strategy (Yildirim et al 2014). Recent studies in triticale suggest that hybrids performance are significantly higher than cultivated varieties (Oettler et al 2003;Yildirim et al 2014).…”

“…Analysis of relative mid-parent heterosis (Mh%) and heterobeltiosis (Hh%) allows to define the breeding strategy (Yildirim et al 2014). Recent studies in triticale suggest that hybrids performance are significantly higher than cultivated varieties (Oettler et al 2003;Yildirim et al 2014).…”

Breeding for pre-harvest sprouting resistance in bread wheat under rainfed conditions

“…Positive combining ability is an indicator of an increase in a trait under study and a negative result indicates a decrease in the performance of the trait [47] . In this study we assessed the sprouting resistance by GI and PG.…”

“…To transfer desired characters to offspring, those parents that have a good combining ability should be included in a compound breeding approach [48] . Yildirim et al [47] stated that the additive genetic variation is the main choice in formalizing a selection approach in a wheat breeding program. Among the genotypes, Doukkala-12 and BARS-09, showed significant negative GCA values for PG and GI.…”