Hybrid nanocomposite thin films deposited by emulsion-based resonant infrared matrix-assisted pulsed laser evaporation for photovoltaic applications

Ge, Wangyao; Atewologun, Ayomide

doi:10.1016/j.orgel.2015.03.043

Cited by 24 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…MAPLE has successfully been used to grow thin conjugated polymer films for various organic electronic applications . Our prior research has begun to elucidate fundamental connections between crystallization, morphology, electronic structure, and carrier transport in MAPLE‐deposited conjugated polymer films .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular weight dependent structure and charge transport in MAPLE‐deposited poly(3‐hexylthiophene) thin films

Dong

Smith

Strzalka

et al. 2018

J Polym Sci B Polym Phys

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In this work, poly(3-hexylthiophene) (P3HT) films prepared using the matrix-assisted pulsed laser evaporation (MAPLE) technique are shown to possess morphological structures that are dependent on molecular weight (MW). Specifically, the structures of low MW samples of MAPLE-deposited film are composed of crystallites/aggregates embedded within highly disordered environments, whereas those of high MW samples are composed of aggregated domains connected by long polymer chains. Additionally, the crystallite size along the side-chain (100) direction decreases, whereas the conjugation length increases with increasing molecular weight. This is qualitatively similar to the structure of spin-cast films, though the MAPLE-deposited films are more disordered. In-plane carrier mobilities in the MAPLE-deposited samples increase with MW, consistent with the notion that longer chains bridge adjacent aggregated domains thereby facilitating more effective charge transport. The carrier mobilities in the MAPLEdeposited simples are consistently lower than those in the solvent-cast samples for all molecular weights, consistent with the shorter conjugation length in samples prepared by this deposition technique.Polymer synthesis procedure, details of Williamson-Hall analysis, Spano and Gierschner analysis, effect of benzyl alcohol on absorption spectra of P3HT solution, effect of regioregularity and PDI of P3HT on absorption spectra of P3HT thin films, and FIGURE 6 In-plane mobility of spin-cast and MAPLE-deposited samples on OTS-treated SiO 2 substrate as a function of MW. [Color figure can be viewed at wileyonlinelibrary.com]

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular weight dependent structure and charge transport in MAPLE‐deposited poly(3‐hexylthiophene) thin films

Dong

Smith

Strzalka

et al. 2018

J Polym Sci B Polym Phys

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“…17 Emulsion-based RIR-MAPLE has already been applied to fabricate OSCs, 18,19 optical coatings, 20 and functional biosurfaces. 21,22 A schematic diagram of the emulsion-based RIR-MAPLE technique is shown in Figure 1.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Emulsion-Based RIR-MAPLE Deposition of Conjugated Polymers: Primary Solvent Effect and Its Implications on Organic Solar Cell Performance

McCormick

et al. 2016

ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces

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Emulsion-based, resonant infrared matrix-assisted pulsed laser evaporation (RIR-MAPLE) has been demonstrated as an alternative technique to deposit conjugated polymer films for photovoltaic applications; yet, a fundamental understanding of how the emulsion target characteristics translate into film properties and solar cell performance is unclear. Such understanding is crucial to enable the rational improvement of organic solar cell (OSC) efficiency and to realize the expected advantages of emulsionbased RIR-MAPLE for OSC fabrication. In this paper, the effect of the primary solvent used in the emulsion target is studied, both experimentally and theoretically, and it is found to determine the conjugated polymer cluster size in the emulsion as well as surface roughness and internal morphology of resulting polymer films. By using a primary solvent with low solubility-in-water and low vapor pressure, the surface roughness of deposited P3HT and PCPDTBT polymer films was reduced to 10 nm, and the efficiency of P3HT:PC 61 BM OSCs was increased to 3.2% (∼100 times higher compared to the first MAPLE OSC demonstration [Caricato, A. P.; et al. Appl. Phys. Lett. 2012, 100, 073306]). This work unveils the mechanism of polymer film formation using emulsion-based RIR-MAPLE and provides insight and direction to determine the best ways to take advantage of the emulsion target approach to control film properties for different applications.

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“…With its unprecedented capabilities, MAPLE has readily been exploited for growing thin polymer films for a wide range of applications including sensors, drug delivery and medical implants . Recently, promising findings have also been reported on the properties of MAPLE deposited conjugated polymer films for solar cells, organic light emitting diodes, and other organic electronic applications . Although operational devices have been made, the detailed molecular structure and the fundamental connection between processing, morphology, and transport in those devices are still poorly understood.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular organization in MAPLE-deposited conjugated polymer thin films and the implications for carrier transport characteristics

Dong

Strzalka

et al. 2016

J. Polym. Sci. Part B: Polym. Phys.

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The morphological structure of poly(3-hexylthiophene) (P3HT) thin films deposited by both Matrix Assisted Pulsed Laser Evaporation (MAPLE) and solution spin-casting methods are investigated. The MAPLE samples possessed a higher degree of disorder, with random orientations of polymer crystallites along the side-chain stacking, p-p stacking, and conjugated backbone directions. Moreover, the average molecular orientations and relative degrees of crystallinity of MAPLEdeposited polymer films are insensitive to the chemistries of the substrates onto which they were deposited; this is in stark contrast to the films prepared by the conventional spin-casting technique. Despite the seemingly unfavorable molecular orientations and the highly disordered morphologies, the in-plane charge carrier transport characteristics of the MAPLE samples are comparable to those of spin-cast samples, exhibiting similar transport activation energies (56 vs. 54 meV) to those reported in the literature for high mobility polymers.

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Hybrid nanocomposite thin films deposited by emulsion-based resonant infrared matrix-assisted pulsed laser evaporation for photovoltaic applications

Cited by 24 publications

References 33 publications

Molecular weight dependent structure and charge transport in MAPLE‐deposited poly(3‐hexylthiophene) thin films

Molecular weight dependent structure and charge transport in MAPLE‐deposited poly(3‐hexylthiophene) thin films

Emulsion-Based RIR-MAPLE Deposition of Conjugated Polymers: Primary Solvent Effect and Its Implications on Organic Solar Cell Performance

Molecular organization in MAPLE-deposited conjugated polymer thin films and the implications for carrier transport characteristics

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