Hybrid Laser Deposition of Fe-Based Metallic Powder under Cryogenic Conditions

Lisiecki, A.; Ślizak, Dawid

doi:10.3390/met10020190

Cited by 14 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 39 publications

(52 reference statements)

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“…The highest HV10 values were measured in the HAZ, whose structures were identified as brittle bainitic and martensitic structure. Lisiecki and Ślizak [57] stated, that high hardness of welded layers was caused by a high cooling rate during welding process. The significant effect of in situ local heat treatment was observed for Specimen 5, modified by two additional stitches.…”

Section: Hardness Hv10 Measurementsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Underwater In Situ Local Heat Treatment by Additional Stitches for Improving the Weldability of Steel

Tomków

Janeczek

2020

Applied Sciences

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In this paper the influence of in situ local heat treatment performed by additional stitches on the weldability of high-strength low-alloy (HSLA) S355J2C+N steel was tested. The investigated steel is characterized by high susceptibility to cold cracking. It is necessary to find a method to improve the quality of welded joints. The local heat treatment was applied as an effect of bead-on plate welding made on the face of a Tekken test joint. The specimens were made by the use of covered electrodes in the water environment. For testing weldability, Tekken test specimens were made. Then, the different number of the pad welds with different overlapping were laid on the face of the tested welds. Non-destructive (NDT) visual and penetrant tests were undertaken. During the NDT, imperfections like shape mistakes and spatters were found. Then, metallographic macro- and microscopic testing were performed. The macroscopic observations proved that water environment can generate imperfections like cracking and pores. However, for specimens with additional stitches the number of imperfections decreased. Microscopic tests proved that the proposed technique affected the structure of the heat-affected zone (HAZ). The specimens without the application of additional stitches are characterized by brittle bainitic and martensitic structure. Specimens, in which the additional stitches were applied, contain tempered martensite, fine ferrite and fine pearlite in their HAZ. It was also observed that the number of cracks decreased for in situ local heat-treatment specimens. The final step was Vickers HV10 hardness measurement. These measurements confirmed previous results. The heat from additional stitches affected the steel by significantly decreasing the hardness by 80–100 HV10. The results of experiments showed that the heat from pad welds provided microstructural changes in heat-affected zones and a decrease in the susceptibility to cold cracking, which results in improvement in the weldability of HSLA steel in wet welding conditions.

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Section: Hardness Hv10 Measurementsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Underwater In Situ Local Heat Treatment by Additional Stitches for Improving the Weldability of Steel

Tomków

Janeczek

2020

Applied Sciences

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“…Laser cladding offers some advantages over the other methods of cladding or coatings [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10]. The most significant advantages are high power density, localized and precise heating, high scanning speed, thus low heat input, low penetration depth and low dilution.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Liquid nitrogen bath providing cryogenic conditions of cooling was also tested by some researchers during laser surface melting or heat treatment, mainly for nonferrous alloys [18][19][20][21][22][23]. Such technique of liquid nitrogen bath cooling of the substrate was adopted and developed by the authors for laser powder deposition of metallic and composite coatings, as demonstrated in several previous publications [1,[24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31]. It is worth to note, that complexity and difficulty of the laser powder deposition under such cryogenic conditions with coaxial powder delivery into the melt pool is significantly higher than the laser surface melting of the substrate supercooled by liquid nitrogen bath.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hybrid Laser Deposition of Composite WC-Ni Layers with Forced Local Cryogenic Cooling

Lisiecki

Ślizak²

2021

Materials

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The purpose of this study was to demonstrate the effect of forced and localized cooling by nitrogen vapours stream under cryogenic conditions during laser deposition of WC-Ni powder on the geometry, microstructure of clad layers and dry sliding wear resistance of the coatings. For this purpose, comparative tests were performed by conventional laser cladding at free cooling conditions in ambient air and by the developed novel process of laser deposition with additional localized cooling of the solidifying deposit by nitrogen vapours stream. Due to presence of gaseous nitrogen in the region of the melt pool and solidifying deposit, the process was considered as combining laser cladding and laser gas nitriding (performed simultaneously), thus the hybrid process. The influence of the heat input and cooling conditions on the geometrical features, dilution rate, share of carbides relative to the matrix, and the fraction share of carbides, as well as hardness profiles on cross sections of single stringer beads was analysed and presented. The XRD, EDS analysis and the sieve test of the experimental powder were used to characterize the composite WC-Ni type powder. The OM, SEM, EDS and XRD test methods were used to study the microstructure, chemical and phase composition of clad layers. Additionally, ball-on-disc tests were performed to determine the wear resistance of representative coatings under dry sliding conditions. The results indicate that the novel demonstrated technique of localized forced cooling of the solidifying deposit has advantageous effect, because it provides approximately 20% lower penetration depth and dilution, decreases tendency for tungsten carbides decomposition, provides more uniform distribution and higher share of massive eutectic W2C-WC carbides across the coating. While the conventionally laser cladded layers show tendency for decomposition of carbide particles and resolidifying dendritic complex carbides mainly M2C, M3C and M7C3 containing iron, nickel, and tungsten, and with Ni/Ni3B matrix. The quantitative relationship between heat input, cooling conditions and the carbides grain size distribution as well as carbides share in relation to the matrix was determined.

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“…To study the effect of ultrasonic on the welded bead geometry, the penetration depth, the area of the fusion zone, and the clad layer were measured, as shown in Figure 3. The value of weld dilution rate "D" was calculated by the following formula [28]:…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The observations of fracture surfaces, after the tensile test and Charpy impact test, were completed using a scanning electron microscope (MERLIN Compact, Carl Zeiss, Oberkochen, Germany). The value of weld dilution rate "D" was calculated by the following formula [28]:…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigating the Advantages of Ultrasonic-assisted Welding Technique Applied in Underwater Wet Welding by in-situ X-ray Imaging Method

Chen

Guo

et al. 2020

Materials

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In this study, the effects of ultrasonic on melt pool dynamic, microstructure, and properties of underwater wet flux-cored arc welding (FCAW) joints were investigated. Ultrasonic vibration enhanced melt flow and weld pool oscillation. Grain fragmentation caused by cavitation changed microstructure morphology and decreased microstructure size. The proportion of polygonal ferrite (PF) reduced or even disappeared. The width of grain boundary ferrite (GBF) decreased from 34 to 10 μm, and the hardness increased from 204 to 276 HV. The tensile strength of the joint increased from 545 to 610 MPa, and the impact toughness increased from 65 to 71 J/mm2 due to the microstructure refinement at the optimum ultrasonic power.

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Hybrid Laser Deposition of Fe-Based Metallic Powder under Cryogenic Conditions

Cited by 14 publications

References 39 publications

Underwater In Situ Local Heat Treatment by Additional Stitches for Improving the Weldability of Steel

Underwater In Situ Local Heat Treatment by Additional Stitches for Improving the Weldability of Steel

Hybrid Laser Deposition of Composite WC-Ni Layers with Forced Local Cryogenic Cooling

Investigating the Advantages of Ultrasonic-assisted Welding Technique Applied in Underwater Wet Welding by in-situ X-ray Imaging Method

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