Hybrid Integrated Silicon Nitride–Polymer Optical Phased Array For Efficient Light Detection and Ranging

Im, Chul-Soon; Kim, Sung-Moon; Lee, Kyeong-Pyo; Ju, Seong-Hyeon; Hong, Jung-Ho; Yoon, Sun-Woong; Kim, Tae-Hoon; Lee, Eun-Su; Bhandari, Bishal; Zhou, Changyi; Ko, Sung-Yong; Kim, Young‐Ho; Oh, Min‐Cheol; Lee, Sang‐Shin

doi:10.1109/jlt.2021.3070386

Cited by 31 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…Among these, the polymer waveguide thermo-optic phase modulator (TOPM) displays efficient phase modulation operated by low electric power owing to its high thermo-optic (TO) effect and excellent heat isolation property [ 6 , 7 ]. Therefore, when the polymer phase modulators are placed as an array with small pitches for an optical phased array (OPA) beam scanner device, thermal crosstalk between the adjacent channels is suppressed, enabling independent control of each channel [ 7 , 8 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Frequency Response of Thermo-Optic Phase Modulators Based on Fluorinated Polyimide Polymer Waveguide

et al. 2022

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Polymer waveguide phase modulators exhibit stable low-power phase modulation owing to their exceptional thermal confinement and high thermo-optic effect, and thus, have the merit of thermal isolation between channels, which is crucial for an optical phased array (OPA) beam scanner device. In this work, a waveguide phase modulator was designed and fabricated based on a high-refractive-index fluorinated polyimide. The propagation loss of the polyimide waveguide and the temporal response of the phase modulator were characterized. Moreover, the transfer function of the phase modulator including multiple poles and zeros was obtained from the measured frequency response. The polyimide waveguide modulator device demonstrated a fast response time of 117 μs for 1 kHz input signal, however, for 1 mHz step-function input, it exhibited an additional 5% phase change in 5 s.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Frequency Response of Thermo-Optic Phase Modulators Based on Fluorinated Polyimide Polymer Waveguide

et al. 2022

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“…Polymers have been utilized for the fabrication of novel LiDAR devices. In [ 49 , 50 ], a polymeric thermo-optic phase modulator was fabricated and utilized for OPA LiDAR ( Figure 3 a), achieving good energy efficiency. In [ 51 ], piezoelectric polymer P(VDF-TrFE) copolymers were employed as actuators, introducing rotation to the micromirror of the MEMS LiDAR due to the asymmetric position of the mirror ( Figure 3 b).…”

Section: Sensors and Sensor-based Odometry Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sensors and Sensor Fusion Methodologies for Indoor Odometry: A Review

et al. 2022

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Although Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSSs) generally provide adequate accuracy for outdoor localization, this is not the case for indoor environments, due to signal obstruction. Therefore, a self-contained localization scheme is beneficial under such circumstances. Modern sensors and algorithms endow moving robots with the capability to perceive their environment, and enable the deployment of novel localization schemes, such as odometry, or Simultaneous Localization and Mapping (SLAM). The former focuses on incremental localization, while the latter stores an interpretable map of the environment concurrently. In this context, this paper conducts a comprehensive review of sensor modalities, including Inertial Measurement Units (IMUs), Light Detection and Ranging (LiDAR), radio detection and ranging (radar), and cameras, as well as applications of polymers in these sensors, for indoor odometry. Furthermore, analysis and discussion of the algorithms and the fusion frameworks for pose estimation and odometry with these sensors are performed. Therefore, this paper straightens the pathway of indoor odometry from principle to application. Finally, some future prospects are discussed.

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“…PIC has the great potential to integrate the key components of OPA such as the laser, beam splitters, phase modulator arrays, antennas, and photodetectors on a single chip [50][51][52]. The phase modulators can utilize the thermo-optic [53,54] or electro-optic effect [55] to tilt the far-field wavefront, which can obtain the steered beam.…”

Section: Pic-opamentioning

confidence: 99%

All-Solid-State Beam Steering via Integrated Optical Phased Array Technology

2022

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Light detection and ranging (LiDAR), combining traditional radar technology with modern laser technology, has much potential for applications in navigation, mapping, and so on. Benefiting from the superior performance, an all-solid-state beam steering realized by integrated optical phased array (OPA) is one of the key components in the LiDAR system. In this review, we first introduce the basic principle of OPA for beam steering. Then, we briefly review the detailed advances of different solutions such as micro-electromechanical system OPA, liquid crystal OPA, and metasurface OPA, where our main focus was on the recent progress of OPA in photonic integrated chips. Finally, we summarize the different solutions and discuss the challenges and perspectives of all-solid-state beam steering for LiDAR.

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Hybrid Integrated Silicon Nitride–Polymer Optical Phased Array For Efficient Light Detection and Ranging

Cited by 31 publications

References 27 publications

Frequency Response of Thermo-Optic Phase Modulators Based on Fluorinated Polyimide Polymer Waveguide

Frequency Response of Thermo-Optic Phase Modulators Based on Fluorinated Polyimide Polymer Waveguide

Sensors and Sensor Fusion Methodologies for Indoor Odometry: A Review

All-Solid-State Beam Steering via Integrated Optical Phased Array Technology

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