This research develops an integration model that simultaneously optimizes location, routing, and inventory decisions in a three-echelon supply chain system that has never been developed before. Location, routing, and inventory decisions are related to one another. For example, delivery in small quantity and often frequency decreases inventory cost but increases transportation cost. Furthermore, routing and inventory decisions affect location decision for it is determined based on minimum system cost criteria. Failure to involve inventory cost and transportation cost into consideration when determine location decision can cause suboptimality. Therefore, how to determine location, routing, and inventory decisions optimally become important issues in design a logistics system. Entities involved in this research are a supplier, multi depots, and multi retailers. Demand of retailers is probabilistic and follows a normal distribution. Number of product considered is single product. The developed integration model is then solved with optimal method and heuristic method. After being compared with decomposition model, it is concluded that the integration model results smaller total cost of system.
Keywords:Integration, inventory control, location decision, multi echelon, vehicle routing.
PendahuluanKeputusan lokasi, pengendalian persediaan, dan perutean kendaraan merupakan keputusan yang saling terkait satu dengan yang lain (Liu dan Lin [1]). Keputusan pengendalian persediaan, seperti ukuran lot pemesanan dan frekuensi pemesanan akan mempengaruhi baik itu ongkos persediaan dan ongkos transportasi. Sebagai contoh, pengiriman dalam kuantitas yang sedikit dan frekuensi yang sering menyebabkan pengurangan ongkos persediaan tetapi membutuhkan tambahan ongkos transportasi (Liu dan Lee [2]