Hybrid Energy System with Optimized Storage for Improvement of Sustainability in a Small Town

Feng-chang, Jiang; Xie, Haiyan; Ellen, Oliver

doi:10.3390/su10062034

Cited by 14 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 37 publications

(33 reference statements)

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“…Both of these strategies make economic dispatch decisions; they choose the most economical way to serve the load at each time step. HOMER simulates hundreds or even thousands of all possible combinations of the energy system and then ranks the results according to the least-cost options that meet the load requirements [25][26][27].Many studies throughout the world have used HOMER software to investigate the optimal design of proposed HESs using LF or CC strategies. Halabi et al [28], Ansong et al [29], Sigarchian et al [30], Rezzouk and Mellit [31], and Madziga et al [32] used the LF strategy to analyze the performance of suggested HESs to find the optimal configurations.…”

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Energy Management and Optimization of a PV/Diesel/Battery Hybrid Energy System Using a Combined Dispatch Strategy

et al. 2019

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In recent years, the concept of hybrid energy systems (HESs) is drawing more attention for electrification of isolated or energy-deficient areas. When optimally designed, HESs prove to be more reliable and economical than single energy source systems. This study examines the feasibility of a combined dispatch (CD) control strategy for a photovoltaic (PV)/diesel/battery HES by combining the load following (LF) strategy and cycle charging (CC) strategy. HOMER software is used as a tool for optimization analysis by investigating the techno-economic and environmental performance of the proposed system under the LF strategy, CC strategy, and combined dispatch CD strategy. The simulation results reveal that the CD strategy has a net present cost (NPC) and cost of energy (COE) values of $110,191 and $0.21/kWh, which are 20.6% and 4.8% lower than those of systems utilizing the LF and CC strategies, respectively. From an environmental point of view, the CD strategy also offers the best performance, with CO 2 emissions of 27,678 kg/year. Moreover, the results show that variations in critical parameters, such as battery minimum state of charge, time step, solar radiation, diesel price, and load growth, exert considerable effects on the performance of the proposed system. Sustainability 2019, 11, 683 2 of 26 different energy sources to produce a hybrid energy system (HES), which can solve reliability problems and provide an environmentally friendly solution [7][8][9]. Various power sources and storages, such as diesel generators, batteries, and supercapacitors, should be integrated into HESs to improve system stability and smooth out fluctuations [10,11].Sustainability 2018, 10, x FOR PEER REVIEW 2 of 29 problems and provide an environmentally friendly solution [7][8][9]. Various power sources and storages, such as diesel generators, batteries, and supercapacitors, should be integrated into HESs to improve system stability and smooth out fluctuations [10,11]. Figure 2. Commonly used approaches for energy management strategies [14]. Sustainability 2019, 11, 683 3 of 26Although the non-dispatchable RESs necessitate complex systems modeling, they are themselves simple to model without the need for control logic, in which the power is merely produced in direct response to the available renewable energy resources. On the other hand, the dispatchable components, such as the generator and battery, are more difficult to model because they must be controlled to achieve matching of demand and supply properly, and to compensate for the intermittency of the non-dispatchable RESs [16,17]. "Should a generator charge the battery or should excess solar production be responsible for charging the battery only and the generator used only to satisfy the load?" This question has led to some rules that manage the operation of generator and battery energy storage. The load following (LF) and cycle charging (CC) dispatch strategies are used to control generator operation and battery energy storage. Under the LF strategy, a generator produces only e...

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Energy Management and Optimization of a PV/Diesel/Battery Hybrid Energy System Using a Combined Dispatch Strategy

et al. 2019

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“…Conversely, other studies only evaluate certain components [6,14,16,17], while others do not develop an exhaustive analysis of the Life Cycle Costs (LCC), emissions, and/or primary energy-consumption [3,4,6], which will be analyzed in detail in the present study. Also, for instance, the authors in reference [18] determine the technical, systematic, and financial requirements needed to allow a city or community to become independent of the utilization of traditional energy sources, using hybrid energy-systems.…”

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An Economic, Energy, and Environmental Analysis of PV/Micro-CHP Hybrid Systems: A Case Study of a Tertiary Building

et al. 2018

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Our present standard of living depends strongly on energy sources, with buildings being a primary focus when it comes to reducing energy consumption due to their large contribution, especially in tertiary buildings. The goal of the present study is to evaluate the performance of two different designs of hybrid systems, composed of natural gas engines and photovoltaic panels. This will be done through simulations in TRNSYS, considering a representative office building with various schedules of operation (8, 12, and 24 h), as well as different climates in Spain. The main contributions of this paper are the evaluations of primary energy-consumption, emissions, and economic analyses for each scenario. In addition, a sensitivity analysis is carried out to observe the influence of energy prices, as well as that of the costs of the micro-CHP engines and PV modules. The results show that the scenario with the conventional system and PV modules is the most profitable one currently. However, if electricity prices are increased in the future or natural gas prices are reduced, the scenario with micro-CHP engines and PV modules will become the most profitable option. Energy service engineers, regulators, and manufacturers are the most interested in these results.

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“…It was found that the proposed multi-objective PSO could be validated for multi variable EMS of a factory. The optimal power control strategy for a standalone microgrid was developed and presented in [20] where optimized gains of a proportional-integrator controller of inverter-based DGs using hybrid big bang-big crunch (BB-BC) algorithm were found.With the aim of adjusting microgrid generation to energy demand, numerous technical studies have been carried out to improve energy management with penetration of renewable energy sources combined with energy storage devices in microgrids [21][22][23][24][25]. Alvarez et al [26] conducted an optimization of micro sources in a DG microgrid in terms of emission and fuel consumption costs.…”

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“…With the aim of adjusting microgrid generation to energy demand, numerous technical studies have been carried out to improve energy management with penetration of renewable energy sources combined with energy storage devices in microgrids [21][22][23][24][25]. Alvarez et al [26] conducted an optimization of micro sources in a DG microgrid in terms of emission and fuel consumption costs.…”

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Efficient Energy Management in a Microgrid with Intermittent Renewable Energy and Storage Sources

2019

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Substituting a single large power grid into various manageable microgrids is the emerging form for maintaining power systems. A microgrid is usually comprised of small units of renewable energy sources, battery storage, combined heat and power (CHP) plants and most importantly, an energy management system (EMS). An EMS is responsible for the core functioning of a microgrid, which includes establishing continuous and reliable communication among all distributed generation (DG) units and ensuring well-coordinated activities. This research focuses on improving the performance of EMS. The problem at hand is the optimal scheduling of the generation units and battery storage in a microgrid. Therefore, EMS should ensure that the power is shared among different sources following an imposed scenario to meet the load requirements, while the operational costs of the microgrid are kept as low as possible. This problem is formulated as an optimization problem. To solve this problem, this research proposes an enhanced version of the most valuable player algorithm (MVPA) which is a new metaheuristic optimization algorithm, inspired by actual sporting events. The obtained results are compared with numerous well-known optimization algorithms to validate the efficiency of the proposed EMS.Sustainability 2019, 11, 3839 2 of 28 algorithms were used to optimize power sharing among active DGs. In order to determine the optimal component sizing in a microgrid, the mixed integer linear programming (MILP) method has been used to model the microgrid components with consideration of demand response [5]. In another study [6], similar sizing problems of microgrid components were solved using a genetic algorithm (GA) and the energy management issue was formulated using MILP. In addition to component sizing, system configuration was optimized in [7] using the multi-objective PSO by taking into account production cost, reliability, and environmental impact. The studied system comprised of a diesel generator, solar panels, wind turbines, and battery storage. Several methods have also been used for optimizing multi variable problems of energy management systems (EMS) in microgrids [8][9][10][11][12][13]. Wang et al. [14] investigated EMS of a microgrid with multi period optimization problems using an MPI based PSO algorithm and concluded that the proposed algorithm could be effectively used to improve the operation time.Four techniques were used in [15] to determine the optimized operational strategy for an entire day based on least operating cost and minimum carbon emissions. These techniques were a non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm (NSGA), multi-objective PSO, multi-objective uniform water cycle algorithm (WCA), and normal constraint algorithm. Reference [16] presented a real time EMS that had the tendency to optimally minimize carbon emissions and energy cost, and simultaneously maximized the power coming from renewable DGs using binary PSO. An improved binary PSO with double-structure coding was applied to optimize a microgrid operatio...

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Hybrid Energy System with Optimized Storage for Improvement of Sustainability in a Small Town

Cited by 14 publications

References 37 publications

Energy Management and Optimization of a PV/Diesel/Battery Hybrid Energy System Using a Combined Dispatch Strategy

Energy Management and Optimization of a PV/Diesel/Battery Hybrid Energy System Using a Combined Dispatch Strategy

An Economic, Energy, and Environmental Analysis of PV/Micro-CHP Hybrid Systems: A Case Study of a Tertiary Building

Efficient Energy Management in a Microgrid with Intermittent Renewable Energy and Storage Sources

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