“…In this simple model, in order to determine a realistic equivalent noise source, several parameters, such as the vehicle geometry or launch pad configurations, have to be taken into account. Several hybrid methods have been proposed for overcoming this limit [12,13], and the new formulation contains an explicit expression for the acoustic pressure of each noise source, in terms of amplitude and phase, in order to account for correlation effects and propagate the signal using a wave equation. The noise prediction obtained with the revised Eldred-based model has thus been used for formulating an empirical/BEM approach that allows us to evaluate the scattering effects, which, summed with the direct, correlated acoustical pressure, is exploited for the prediction of the aeroacoustics loads of the VEGA launch vehicle at lift-off.…”