Hyalohyphomycosis

Nucci, Márcio; Anaissie, Elias

doi:10.1016/b978-1-4160-5680-5.00013-x

Cited by 20 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 201 publications

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“…The nomenclature and taxonomy of the fungi involved in adiaspiromycosis has been a source of ongoing confusion, which has caused many authors to lump infections due to Chrysosporium species together with those caused by E. crescens and E. parva, and so the clinical presentation of disease caused by the two genera has been quite muddled in the literature (40,41,44,63,68,69).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Adiaspiromycosis Causing Respiratory Failure and a Review of Human Infections Due to Emmonsia and Chrysosporium spp

2012

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bWe report a case of a 27-year-old male who presented with respiratory distress that required mechanical ventilation. Transbronchial biopsy revealed adiaspores of the fungus Emmonsia crescens within granulomata, a condition known as adiaspiromycosis. The patient received amphotericin products and corticosteroids, followed by itraconazole, and made a full recovery. Emmonsia crescens is a saprobe with a wide distribution that is primarily a rodent pathogen. The clinical characteristics of the 20 cases of human pulmonary adiaspiromycosis reported since the last comprehensive case review in 1993 are described here, as well as other infections recently reported for the genus Emmonsia. Pulmonary adiaspiromycosis has been reported primarily in persons without underlying host factors and has a mild to severe course. It remains uncertain if the optimal management of severe pulmonary adiaspiromycosis is supportive or if should consist of antifungal treatment, corticosteroids, or a combination of the latter two. The classification of fungi currently in the genus Emmonsia has undergone considerable revision since their original description, including being grouped with the genus Chrysosporium at one time. Molecular genetics has clearly differentiated the genus Emmonsia from the Chrysosporium species. Nevertheless, there has been a persistent confusion in the literature regarding the clinical presentation of infection with fungi of these two genera; to clarify this matter, the reported cases of invasive Chrysosporium infections were reviewed. Invasive Chrysosporium infections typically occur in impaired hosts and can have a fatal course. Based on limited in vitro susceptibility data for Chrysosporium zonatum, amphotericin B is the most active drug, itraconazole susceptibility is strain-dependent, and fluconazole and 5-fluorocytosine are not active.A diaspiromycosis is primarily a pulmonary infection of rodents, fossorial mammals, and their predators and is caused by the soil fungi Emmonsia crescens and Emmonsia parva (17,30,35,53). It is a rare human infection. In this infection, inhaled Emmonsia conidia enlarge to form nonreplicating adiaspores. As in other mammals, the infection in humans usually involves the lungs, with only a few other cases of infection at other sites (17,30,35,53). About 70 cases of human adiaspiromycosis have been described, but much of the literature on this infection has been dispersed in less-accessible, non-English journals. Furthermore, the inconsistent nomenclature and taxonomy of Emmonsia species and their confusion with Chrysosporium species has resulted in an overall lack of consistent information on adiaspiromycosis and Chrysosporium infections. Herein, we report a case of adiaspiromycosis that resulted in respiratory failure. We also review the true cases of adiaspiromycosis that have been reported since the seminal monographs of England and Hochholzer in 1993 (21) and Sigler in 2005 (53) or omitted from those reports. Furthermore, we differentiate the cases of adiaspiromycosis from the tr...

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Adiaspiromycosis Causing Respiratory Failure and a Review of Human Infections Due to Emmonsia and Chrysosporium spp

2012

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“…Moreover, the increment in immunosuppressed patients and the populations who migrate from tropical or subtropical zones with endemic mycoses also contribute to the increase of individuals who will potentially require a biopsy due to this pathology. 3-8 The foregoing supports the relevant role played by the modern pathology in the diagnosis of many infectious diseases, especially mycoses. The 2 most important questions that the biopsy should resolve in the case of a mycosis are as follows: (1) Is there invasion of the tissue?…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 83%

“…Invasive and non-invasive mycoses by hyaline and pigmented fungi are emerging infections of major importance in these days, especially in immunosuppressed patients. 3,7,8,15 Its precise diagnosis often depends on an adequate interpretation of the biopsy findings together with the results of currently available mycological and molecular biology tests. 1,2,16 As many hyalohyphomycetes, zygomycetes, and phaeohyphomycetes are common contaminants in laboratory environments, the identification of the fungi in the biopsy represents an unequivocal proof of invasive or non-invasive fungal infection.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…On the contrary, fungi that lack parietal pigmentation or are not recognizable using routine histological stains are known as hyaline fungi. 3 This is a rather simple classification for fungi that are present in tissue samples, which facilitates the interpretation of the complementary studies and guides the definitive diagnosis. However, we have found cases of human mycosis with pigmented fungal elements in biopsies that do not fit to the classically described dematiaceous fungi, and therefore leading to a wrong diagnosis.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Pseudodematiaceous Fungi in Rhinosinusal Biopsies: Report of 2 Cases With Light and Electron Microscopy Analysis

Oddó

Cisternas

Méndez

2019

Clin Med�Insights�Pathol

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The diagnosis of a mycosis is often established through a biopsy, which allows to differentiate invasive and non-invasive lesions, and also to identify hyaline and dematiaceous fungi. However, pigmented fungal elements that do not correspond to dematiaceous fungi, which we have called pseudodematiaceous, can occasionally be present in biopsies. Herein, we present 2 cases of mycosis caused by pseudodematiaceous fungi in rhinosinusal biopsies. A new classification for fungi identified in biopsies is proposed, dividing them into 3 groups: hyaline, dematiaceous, and pseudodematiaceous.

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“…Scedosporium aspiospermum was isolated from 6%, of the samples, the fungus is a ubiquitous filamentous mould found in soil and polluted water [32]. The fungus has been implicated in a wide variety of severe infections including, lungs, sinuses, bone and disseminated disease involving the central nervous system among immunocompromised individuals as well as those receiving steroidal medication and such infections are usually fatal [33].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spectrum of Filamentous Fungi from Sputum of Tuberculosis Relapse and Retreatment Patients in Tuberculosis Reference Facilities

Tonui¹,

Mureithi²,

Jaoko³

et al. 2020

OJMM

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Hyalohyphomycosis

Cited by 20 publications

References 201 publications

Adiaspiromycosis Causing Respiratory Failure and a Review of Human Infections Due to Emmonsia and Chrysosporium spp

Adiaspiromycosis Causing Respiratory Failure and a Review of Human Infections Due to Emmonsia and Chrysosporium spp

Pseudodematiaceous Fungi in Rhinosinusal Biopsies: Report of 2 Cases With Light and Electron Microscopy Analysis

Spectrum of Filamentous Fungi from Sputum of Tuberculosis Relapse and Retreatment Patients in Tuberculosis Reference Facilities

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