Hyalinizing Trabecular Tumor of the Thyroid: A Variant of Papillary Carcinoma Proved By Molecular Genetics

Cheung, Carol C.; Boerner, Scott; MacMillan, Christina; Ramyar, Lily; Sylvia, L.

doi:10.1097/00000478-200012000-00005

Cited by 144 publications

(63 citation statements)

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“…37 In another study, RET/PTC1 was detected in six out of eight hyalinizing trabecular adenomas by RT-PCR. 38 These findings provide evidence suggesting that hyalinizing trabecular tumors represent a peculiar variant of papillary carcinoma. However, these studies did not investigate whether or not RET/PTC was present in the majority of cells within these tumors and therefore cannot provide conclusive biological evidence for linkage between papillary carcinoma and hyalinizing trabecular tumor.…”

Section: -27mentioning

confidence: 69%

“…29,35 Two groups have reported the occurrence of RET/PTC in hyalinizing trabecular tumors. [37][38][39] In one observation, four tumors showed RET expression by immunohistochemistry and three of those were found to harbor RET/PTC1 rearrangement by RT-PCR. 37 In another study, RET/PTC1 was detected in six out of eight hyalinizing trabecular adenomas by RT-PCR.…”

Section: -27mentioning

confidence: 98%

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Molecular analysis of thyroid tumors

2011

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Section: -27mentioning

confidence: 69%

Section: -27mentioning

confidence: 98%

Molecular analysis of thyroid tumors

2011

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“…HTTs have also been regarded as variants of papillary carcinoma owing to their similar nuclear features, including hypercellularity, nuclear grooves, nuclear inclusions, psammoma bodies, and powdery chromatin, and their similar rates of RET/PTC rearrangement [20][21][22][23]. Generally, however, HTTs and papillary carcinomas show different patterns of expression of cytokeratin 19 (CK 19) and high-molecular-weight cytokeratin (HMWCK), and different types of HBME-1, galectin-3, and BRAF mutations [24][25][26][27][28][29].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Case of Black Thyroid Associated with Hyalinizing Trabecular Tumor

et al. 2008

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Abstract. Black thyroid is an uncommon phenomenon of black pigmentation of thyroid parenchyma induced by chronic minocycline therapy. Thyroid tumors associated with black pigmented thyroid are rare. We describe here a 42-year-old woman with a black thyroid associated with hyalinizing trabecular tumor (HTT). The patient presented with a palpable left-sided thyroid nodule. She had taken minocycline for aphthous stomatitis and an oral ulcer for 9 years. The findings of fine needle aspiration biopsy and BRAF mutation analysis suggested a papillary carcinoma. The patient underwent a neartotal thyroidectomy with central compartment node dissection. The surgical specimen showed a diffuse black thyroid and a 2-cm non-pigmented, well-circumscribed nodule in the left thyroid. Histopathologically, numerous black pigmented follicular epithelial cells and colloid were seen throughout the thyroid parenchyma, and the nodule was composed of elongated, polygonal cells in trabecular arrangement and dense hyaline stromas. The tumor cells showed a strong positive cytoplasmic reaction to Ki 67. All of these findings suggested a HTT, or a hyalinizing trabecular variant of papillary carcinoma, arising in a black thyroid. To our knowledge, this is the first case of black thyroid associated with HTT. BLACK thyroid, or black pigmentation of the thyroid, was first described in humans in 1976 [1]; to date only 64 cases have been reported in the English language literature [3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14]. The black discoloration usually develops after taking minocycline, a tetracycline derivative, for several years. Thyroid tumors associated with black thyroid are extremely rare, but may include adenomatous hyperplasias, adenomas, and papillary and follicular cancers [3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14]. To our knowledge, however, hyalinizing trabecular tumor (HTT) arising in black thyroid has not previously been reported. CaseA 47-year-old woman presented with a 5-year history of a solitary thyroid nodule. She had a history of taking minocycline intermittently over 9 years for aphthous stomatitis and oral ulcer of Behcet's disease. On examination, a mild black discoloration of the teeth and gums was identified (Fig. 1), in addition to the palpable nodule. Neck ultrasound disclosed a wellcircumscribed hypoechoic nodule, measuring 2.0-cm diameter, in the left thyroid. Fine needle aspiration biopsy (FNAB) revealed a few clusters of follicular cells with nuclear clearing, grooves, and pseudoinclusions; and a BRAF mutation (V600E) was detected by the dual-priming oligonucleotide (DPO) primer method. These findings were suspicious for papillary thyroid carcinoma. A near-total thyroidectomy with central compartment node dissection was performed, and intraoperative frozen section of the nodule suggested the

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“…Somatic rearrangements of the RET proto-oncogene are the most frequent genetic lesion found in PTC (from 2.5% to 40% depending on the series). 11 Recently RET rearrangements have been identified in Hurthle cell and in hyalinizing trabecular tumors of the thyroid, 13,14 which suggests that these thyroid tumor variants are genetically linked to PTC. RET encodes the tyrosine kinase (TK) receptor for ligands of the glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) family.…”

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confidence: 99%

Potent Mitogenicity of the RET/PTC3 Oncogene Correlates with Its Prevalence in Tall-Cell Variant of Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma

Basolo

Giannini

Monaco

et al. 2002

The American Journal of Pathology

102

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The tall-cell variant (TCV) of papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC), characterized by tall cells bearing an oxyphilic cytoplasm, is more clinically aggressive than conventional PTC. RET tyrosine kinase rearrangements, which represent the most frequent genetic alteration in PTC, lead to the recombination of RET with heterologous genes to generate chimeric RET/PTC oncogenes. RET/PTC1 and RET/PTC3 are the most prevalent variants. We have found RET rearrangements in 35.8% of TCV (14 of 39 cases). Whereas the prevalences of RET/PTC1 and RET/PTC3 were almost equal in classic and follicular PTC, all of the TCV-positive cases expressed the RET/PTC3 rearrangement. These findings prompted us to compare RET/PTC3 and RET/PTC1 in an in vitro thyroid model system. We have expressed the two oncogenes in PC Cl 3 rat thyroid epithelial cells and found that RET/ PTC3 is endowed with a strikingly more potent mitogenic effect than RET/PTC1. Mechanistically, this difference correlated with an increased signaling activity of RET/PTC3. In conclusion, we postulate that the correlation between the RET/PTC rearrangement type and the aggressiveness of human PTC is related to the efficiency with which the oncogene subtype delivers mitogenic signals to thyroid cells. Follicular-cell-derived thyroid tumors are divided into four main types: benign adenomas, well differentiated (papillary or follicular), poorly differentiated, and undifferentiated (anaplastic) carcinomas. Papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) is the most common thyroid carcinoma. It is defined on the basis of the architectural pattern and/or distinctive nuclear features, ie, ground glass appearance and longitudinal grooves with cytoplasm invaginations.

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Hyalinizing Trabecular Tumor of the Thyroid: A Variant of Papillary Carcinoma Proved By Molecular Genetics

Cited by 144 publications

References 14 publications

Molecular analysis of thyroid tumors

Molecular analysis of thyroid tumors

A Case of Black Thyroid Associated with Hyalinizing Trabecular Tumor

Potent Mitogenicity of the RET/PTC3 Oncogene Correlates with Its Prevalence in Tall-Cell Variant of Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma

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