Molecular analysis of thyroid tumors

Nikiforov, Yuri E.

doi:10.1038/modpathol.2010.167

Cited by 199 publications

(272 citation statements)

References 103 publications

(129 reference statements)

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“…PTC and FTC are the most common types among all thyroid malignancies and the development of molecular markers for these tumors is very significant in terms of diagnosis, prognosis, treatment and follow up [26][27][28]. Four different gene mutations with significant effects on tumor prognosis and diagnosis have been identified.…”

Section: Genetic Changes In Thyroid Cancermentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Activated ERK and ELK1 translocate to the nucleus and regulate transcription of genes involved in cell differentiation, proliferation, and survival ( Fig. 1) [26,14]. The most common genetic changes in PTC include point mutations of BRAF which are observed in 35-70% of papillary thyroid carcinomas [29,30].…”

Section: Brafmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Additionally, BRAF mutations demonstrate a high geographical variability and local frequency must be taken into consideration for evaluation of the results. Despite these factors, recent studies reported that 580 of 581 BRAF-positive nodules were PTC and the false positive rate of BRAF mutational analysis was only 0.2% [26,28]. Moreover 15-40% of BRAF-positive FNAB samples were indeterminate by cytology.…”

Section: Molecular Targets In Histopathological Diagnosis and Classifmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The positive predictive value of RAS mutation positivity in FNAB samples for thyroid cancer is about 74-87%. Detection of the RAS mutation is associated with an 87-100% probability of malignancy [28]. Most importantly, RAS-positive thyroid cancers are FTC and the follicular variant of PTC which may cause false negative results in cytological evaluations.…”

Section: Molecular Targets In Histopathological Diagnosis and Classifmentioning

confidence: 99%

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An update on molecular biology of thyroid cancers

Ömür

Baran

2014

Critical Reviews in Oncology/Hematology

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Section: Genetic Changes In Thyroid Cancermentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Brafmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Molecular Targets In Histopathological Diagnosis and Classifmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Molecular Targets In Histopathological Diagnosis and Classifmentioning

confidence: 99%

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An update on molecular biology of thyroid cancers

Ömür

Baran

2014

Critical Reviews in Oncology/Hematology

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“…Serum calcitonin measurement, which was once the mainstay in the diagnosis of FMTC, has been replaced by sensitive polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assays for germline mutations in the RET proto-oncogene [59]. These mutations are present in patients with MEN 2A, MEN 2B, and FMTC [60].…”

Section: Thyroid Cancermentioning

confidence: 99%

Organ Specific Tumor Markers: What’s New?

Vaidyanathan

Vasudevan

2011

Ind J Clin Biochem

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Tumor markers are molecules produced in the body in response to cancer. An ideal tumor marker should have high sensitivity and specificity, should be cheap, and should be easily detected in body fluids. Identification of novel markers is important and it is expected that with the advent of newer technologies, more reliable markers will be discovered. This review discusses the currently available tumor markers for different malignancies.

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Thyroid Cancer: Molecular Genetics

Son

Nosé

2012

Encyclopedia of Life Sciences

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Thyroid cancer is the most common malignancy of endocrine organs. The thyroid comprises two specialised cell types, follicular thyrocytes and C cells. Most thyroid cancers arise from thyroid follicular cells. These cancers include well‐differentiated papillary carcinoma and follicular carcinoma, poorly differentiated carcinoma and anaplastic carcinoma, whereas medullary carcinomas arise from the calcitonin‐producing C cells. Papillary and follicular carcinomas are the two most common types of thyroid cancer. Genetic alterations, including BRAF and RAS point mutations, and RET/PTC and PAX8/PPAR γ rearrangements, and p53 inactivation underlines the molecular mechanisms resulting in thyroid cancer. These genetic alterations are found in more than 70% of papillary and follicular thyroid carcinomas. The use of molecular markers is expected to improve the accuracy of diagnosis of thyroid cancers and inform the prognosis of each cancer. We review common genetic alterations in thyroid carcinomas and discuss the diagnostic and prognostic significance. Key Concepts: The thyroid cancers are subdivided into well‐differentiated papillary carcinoma and follicular carcinoma, poorly differentiated carcinoma, and anaplastic carcinoma. Papillary carcinomas carry point mutations of the BRAF and RAS genes as well as RET/PTC and TRK rearrangement. Follicular carcinomas carry either RAS mutations or PAX8/PPAR γ rearrangement. The knowledge of molecular genetics of thyroid cancer eventually getting the clinical impact, such as improvement of diagnostic accuracy, management of thyroid cancer, and surgical planning and can be a prognostic markers.

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Molecular analysis of thyroid tumors

Cited by 199 publications

References 103 publications

An update on molecular biology of thyroid cancers

An update on molecular biology of thyroid cancers

Organ Specific Tumor Markers: What’s New?

Thyroid Cancer: Molecular Genetics

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