Hunger and Public Action

Drèze, Jean; Sen, Amartya

doi:10.1093/0198283652.001.0001

Cited by 437 publications

(415 citation statements)

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“…Similar cases in Africa and Europe are discussed at length by Drèze and Sen (1989) and Ó Gráda (2007. ) Staff in a recent report by the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO, 2008) examine the multiple weather hazards that potentially affect food supply chains when agricultural production is not consumed where it is produced: transporting food is contingent upon transport, storage, and distribution infrastructure that is vulnerable to the destructive nature of severe weather.…”

Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 58%

Weather and Welfare: Health and Agricultural Impacts of Climate Extremes, Evidence from Mexico

Compeán

2013

SSRN Journal

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Standard-Nutzungsbedingungen:Die Dokumente auf EconStor dürfen zu eigenen wissenschaftlichen Zwecken und zum Privatgebrauch gespeichert und kopiert werden.Sie dürfen die Dokumente nicht für öffentliche oder kommerzielle Zwecke vervielfältigen, öffentlich ausstellen, öffentlich zugänglich machen, vertreiben oder anderweitig nutzen.Sofern die Verfasser die Dokumente unter Open-Content-Lizenzen (insbesondere CC-Lizenzen) zur Verfügung gestellt haben sollten, gelten abweichend von diesen Nutzungsbedingungen die in der dort genannten Lizenz gewährten Nutzungsrechte. The opinions expressed in this publication are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the Inter-American Development Bank, its Board of Directors, or the countries they represent. Terms of use: Documents inThe unauthorized commercial use of Bank documents is prohibited and may be punishable under the Bank's policies and/or applicable laws. Copyright ©Inter-American Development Bank. This working paper may be reproduced for any non-commercial purpose. It may also be reproduced in any academic journal indexed by the American Economic Association's EconLit, with previous consent by the Inter-American Development Bank (IDB), provided that the IDB is credited and that the author(s) receive no income from the publication. Using data for all 2,454 municipalities of Mexico for the period 1980-2010, this paper analyzes the relationship between exposure to extreme temperatures and precipitation and death, as well as the relationship between severe weather and agricultural income and crop production in the country. It is found that extreme heat increases mortality, while the health effect of extreme cold is generally trivial. Precipitation extremes seem to affect the agricultural system, but their impact on mortality is ambiguous. More specifically, exchanging one day with a temperature of 16-18 °C for one day with temperatures higher than 30 °C increases the crude mortality rate by 0.15 percentage points, a result robust to several model specifications. It is also found that the extreme heat effect on death is significantly more acute in rural regions, leading to increases of up to 0.2 percentage points vis-à-vis a 0.07-point increase in urban areas. The timing of climate extremes is relevant: if a weather shock takes place during the agricultural growing season, the effects on mortality and agricultural output, productivity, prices, and crop yields are large and significant, but not so if such shocks occur during the non-growing season. Cataloging-in-PublicationJEL classifications: I12, Q12, Q51, Q54

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Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 58%

Weather and Welfare: Health and Agricultural Impacts of Climate Extremes, Evidence from Mexico

Compeán

2013

SSRN Journal

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“…For example, if we take the ratio of women to men in Sub-Saharan Africa as the standard (there is relatively little bias against women in terms of health care, social status and mortality rates in Sub-Saharan Africa), then its female-male ratio of 1.022 can be used to calculate the number of missing women elsewhere (Sen, 1988;Drèze and Sen, 1989). Other standards and different procedures can also be used, and more ambitiously, it is possible to make some guess of the likely decrease in age-specific mortality rates of women if they were to receive the same care as men do (Coale, 1991).…”

Section: Mortality Differentials and Missing Womenmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This method of estimation in 1986 yielded a figure of 37 million missing women in India. Using the same Sub-Saharan standard, the number of "missing women" in the world appeared to be more than 100 million 15 (Sen, 1989;Drèze and Sen, 1989). The precise figures are, in fact, not particularly significant, but it is quite important to seize the fact that the magnitudes involved are extraordinarily large.…”

Section: Mortality Differentials and Missing Womenmentioning

confidence: 99%

The hidden penalties of gender inequality: fetal origins of ill-health

Osmani

Sen

2003

Economics & Human Biology

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225

140

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This paper is concerned with the interconnections between gender inequality and maternal deprivation, on the one hand, and the health of children (of either sex) and of adults that the children grow into (again, of either sex). The basic message of the paper is that women's deprivation in terms of nutrition and healthcare rebounds on the society as a whole in the form of ill-health of their offspring-males and females alike-both as children and as adults. There are a variety of pathways through which women's deprivation can affect the health of the society as a whole. This paper focuses on the pathways that operate through undernourishment of the mother. Maternal deprivation adversely affects the health of the fetus, which in turn leads to long-term health risks that extend not just into childhood but into adulthood as well. There are, however, important differences in the way children and adults experience the consequences of maternal deprivation via fetal deprivation. In particular, the pathways that lead to their respective risk factors and the circumstances under which those risk factors actually translate into ill-health are very different. These differences are best understood through the concept of 'overlapping health transition' in which two different regimes of diseases coexist side by side. Gender inequality exacerbates the old regime of diseases among the less affluent through the pathway of childhood undernutrition. At the same time it also exacerbates the new regime of diseases among the relatively more affluent through a pathway that has come to be known as the 'Barker hypothesis'. Gender inequality thus leads to a double jeopardy-simultaneously aggravating both regimes of diseases and thus raising the economic cost of overlapping health transition.

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“…They include 'the targeting using indicators' and 'self-targeting' Kanbur, 1993, Dreze andSen, 1989). The former is the targeting based on key indictors, such as specific region, gender, age, land-holding and so on.…”

Section: General Argumentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Targeting versus universalism: An evaluation of indirect effects of the Employment Guarantee Scheme in India

Imai

2007

Journal of Policy Modeling

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Although a workfare scheme is potentially a cost-effective poverty alleviation scheme as it attracts only the poor who have an incentive to do unskilled manual works, an investigation of the ICRISAT data in India clarifies that the Employment Guarantee Scheme was mistargeted, i.e., a substantial share of the non-poor also participated. The comparison of the EGS and universalism through the villagelevel SAM (Social Accounting Matrix) model reveals that the former is neither efficient nor equitable than the latter unless the state government carefully designs the scheme so that the EGS assets, such as irrigation facilities, are made accessible to the poor without undermining their positive effects on agricultural productivity.

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Hunger and Public Action

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Cited by 437 publications

References 293 publications

Weather and Welfare: Health and Agricultural Impacts of Climate Extremes, Evidence from Mexico

Weather and Welfare: Health and Agricultural Impacts of Climate Extremes, Evidence from Mexico

The hidden penalties of gender inequality: fetal origins of ill-health

Targeting versus universalism: An evaluation of indirect effects of the Employment Guarantee Scheme in India

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