Humoral immune response to Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans and Porphyromonas gingivalis in periodontal disease

Abstract

A Elevated in early-onset periodontitis 33,34, 241,271 Leukotoxin (1 15 kDa) Elevated in localized early-onset periodontitis and 31, 211, 333 subset of other early-onset periodontitis 110 kDa Elevated in periodontitis patients 118 64 kDa Elevated in early-onset periodontitis 240 Fimbriae Genetic control of immune response 153 37 kDa Activates pro-inflammatorv mediators 323 29 kDa Less frequent in localized early-onset periodontitis, 347 Heat shock proteins (that is, 64 kDa) 147 elevated in early-onset periodontitis ______ Elevated in diseased Patients Outer membrane antigens 40 and 70 kDa Elevated in generalized early-onset periodontitis 340 80, 65, 58, 31 and 20 kDa Antigenic diversity 92 19, 24, 35 and 67 kDa Present in all sera 340 _~ 39, 34, 28 and 16.5 kDa Antigens present on laboratorv and clinical strains 25 58, 48, 28 and 16-18 kDa Major antigens in human antibody response a4 __ 28,38 and 90 kDa 84 17 kDa Present in all sera 84 Elevated in diseased vs. normal subjects -

Immunoglobulin G antibodies againstPorphyromonas gingivalisorAggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitansin cardiovascular disease and periodontitis

“…On the basis of structurally and antigenically distinct O-antigens, six serotypes of A. actinomycetemcomitans (a–f) have been described, with serotype b, particularly the highly leukotoxic JP2 clone, being the dominant serotype isolated from patients with early onset aggressive periodontitis [7,10]. Interestingly, both A. actinomycetemcomitans and P. gingivalis are capable of inducing strong antibody responses exceeding those found in many other bacterial infections [11]. Elevated levels of circulating antibodies against A. actinomycetemcomitans and P. gingivalis in patients with periodontitis have often been reported [12–16]; and in a large population of adults, who participated in the third US National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, high titers of antibodies against P. gingivalis were consistently associated with periodontitis [17].…”

Antibodies to Periodontal Pathogens and Stroke Risk

“…Elevated IgA class antibody levels to periodontal pathogens in saliva are believed to indicate persistent periodontitis with active tissue destruction. 15 The significance of elevated serum IgA levels against periodontal pathogens, however, is not fully understood. Nevertheless, when determined from dentate patients with periodontitis, serum and salivary IgA antibody levels to periodontal pathogens have a strong positive correlation with each other.…”

Human dendritic cells respond to Porphyromonas gingivalis LPS by promoting a Th2 effector response in vitro

“…CP patients have elevated local levels of both Th2-and Th1-biasing cytokines (reviewed in [13,14]) and increased local numbers of DC subpopulations [15][16][17][18][19], CD4 + T cells [13][14][15][16] and B cells / plasma cells [14,20]. Many reports cite the induction of a strong humoral immune response towards P. gingivalis in adult periodontitis subjects (reviewed in [21]), including evidence for induction of high IgG antibodies to P. gingivalis LPS [22], with elevated IgG4 [23,24]. The lack of clear polarization in the cytokine response in CP [13] might be 4, and treated with indicated doses of LPS for 24 h. Culture supernatants were collected and assayed for IL-12 p70 and IP-10 by commercial ELISA (IL-10) and by CBA kit (IL-12 p70).…”