Humoral bactericidal systems: antibacterial potential of serum from young animals

Skarnes, R C

doi:10.1128/iai.19.2.510-514.1978

Cited by 8 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…described in the present communication. may agree with the results of other investigators (19,24). Thus, it has been shown that fresh serum from young animals was efficient in killing gram-negative bacteria.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

“…Thus, it has been shown that fresh serum from young animals was efficient in killing gram-negative bacteria. including E. coli (24). This protective effect might have been induced by the gut flora ( 9 , 14.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…3 8 . 24 and 0 h prior to infection. The effect o f deconiplementation was ascertained by analyses of the remaining levels of C3 in serum.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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EXPERIMENTAL ESCHERICHIA COLI 06 INFECTION IN MICE

Ahlstedt

1981

Acta Pathologica Microbiologica Scandinavica Section C Immunolo

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Treatment of CBA mice with cobra venom factor (CVF) decreased their C3 levels to less than 10 per cent of normal and resulted in a simultaneous increase of their susceptibility to intraperitoneal E. coli 06 infection. Animals immunized and treated with CVF had an infection resistance similar to untreated controls but considerably less than mice immunized only. The CVF treatment did not affect the antibody formation after immunization. Untreated or immunized AKR mice deficient in C5 did not show decreased resistance to the infection. Exposure of NMRI mice to preformed antigen‐antibody complexes unrelated to the infection did not increase the susceptibility of the animals to infection, neither did it impair their C3 levels. Two out of five freshly frosen (‐70°C) normal rabbit sera gave significant, heat‐labile protection of mice to the E coli infection without containing any antibodies detectable with the ELISA. This protective capacity was not abolished with zymosan treatment affecting the levels of complement factors and could be »natural antibodies« stimulated from the environment. In testing whether similar protective factors as those found in normal rabbit serum could be raised in CBA mice, such animals were orally given killed E. coli 06 bacteria. This did not affect the resistance to the E. coli infection or to the rise of specific antibodies after immunization.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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EXPERIMENTAL ESCHERICHIA COLI 06 INFECTION IN MICE

Ahlstedt

1981

Acta Pathologica Microbiologica Scandinavica Section C Immunolo

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“…Therefore, an additional serum component, different from antibodies, must be required. This confirms the earlier observations of Skarnes, who investigated the antibacterial potential of serum from young rabbits and guinea pigs (8,11). The killing of the rough strains in the absence of "natural" antibodies required complement and at least one additional nonspecific component.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

Requirement for an additional serum factor essential for the antibody-independent activation of the classical complement sequence by Gram-negative bacteria

Clas¹,

Loos²

1982

Infect Immun

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Killing of Salmonella minnesota and Salmonella typhimurium S and R strains in serum of nonimmune humans and guinea pigs was drastically reduced in the selective absence of Clq, Clr, Ca2+, C4, or C2, the components of the classical complement pathway. Binding of Ci and Clq to the S form and six different coredeficient R mutant strains became stronger the shorter the lipopolysaccharide molecule. C1 and Clq had, under physiological conditions, no affinity to the serum-resistant S forms, whereas these components were bound by the serumsensitive R forms with high affinity. However, a mixture of the individual complement components C1-C9, which rapidly lysed sensitized erythrocytes, did not kill the serum-sensitive bacteria. Isolated Cl bound to these bacteria cleaved fluid-phase C4 but did not convert C2. C2 turnover could be detected only when serum was used as a source of Cl or C4, indicating that an additional serum component is necessary for the antibody-independent bactericidal effect. Functional tests indicated that this factor is a euglobulin which mediates binding of C4 to the bacteria even in the absence of Cl or after treatment with EDTA. Binding of C4 followed by the generation of C4b sites as acceptors for C2 was a prerequisite for the killing of the bacteria. The factor could not be replaced by immunoglobulin G or immunoglobulin M, nor was it blocked by preincubation with anti-immunoglobulin G or anti-immunoglobulin M.

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“…A second potential influence upon the neonatal resistance observed in this study would seem to be nursing, which in some animals acts as a vehicle for the transmission of resistance (6,8,59); colostrum and milk of several mammals are known to possess factors which may influence resistance (18,22,32,36,44,54). However, there has been no evidence to substantiate a role for similar factors outside the gastrointestinal tract of rabbits and this has led to the conclusion by several investigators that the systemic protective factors transmitted in utero to the rabbit fetus are not supplemented by nursing after birth (7,9,28,29).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 92%