Humoral and cellular immune response to Buerger’s disease

Abstract

Objective Thromboangiitis obliterans is a nonatherosclerotic occlusive disease, affecting small to moderate sized arteries of the upper and lower extremities, leading to progressive inflammation and clot formation. However, the role of humoral and cell-mediated immunity in the development of this disease has not been clearly identified. The present study was intended to investigate the humoral and cellular immune response in patients with Buerger’s disease with different disease severity. Methods In an observational study, 80 male patients with Buerger’s disease were included and categorized into three groups (mild, moderate, and severe) based on clinical manifestations. After blood sampling, cellular phenotypes were determined, and erythrocyte sedimentation rate, immunoglobulins (Ig) A, M, G, and E, as well as C3 and C4 components of the complement system and complement hemolytic activity (CH50) were measured. Results The mean age of the patient was 42.85 ± 8.39 years. Pulse abnormality, cold intolerance, and claudication were the most common symptoms. Eleven (13.75%), 46 (57.50%), and 23 (28.75%) patients had mild, moderate, and severe symptoms. Regression analyses showed that the presence of severe symptoms was significantly associated with elevated erythrocyte sedimentation rate and C4 levels ( p < 0.05). Conclusion Buerger’s disease in severe cases was associated with increased erythrocyte sedimentation rate and abnormal C4 levels. The alterations in these inflammatory biomarkers might be due to a secondary inflammatory response to the presence of ulcer or gangrene and the inflammatory process in patients with severe symptoms.

Para-Clinical and Immunological Evaluation in Buerger's Disease as a Suspected Autoimmune Disease: Case Series

“…Table 1 shows the distribution of BD severity and symptoms. Based on the disease progress, the symptoms of the patients were classified as mild (migratory thrombophlebitis, cold sensitivity Raynaud's phenomenon, or skin discoloration), moderate (chronic ulcers, claudication, or burning pain of the feet at night), and severe (pain at rest or gangrene) (21). The moderate symptoms were the most common (n= 46, 57.5%) in this study.…”

A scope systematic review to clarify immune response to tobacco in Buerger

“…Angiogenesis stimulation (13), and sympathectomy (14)are prominent surgical options in these patients, but the distal ischemic conditions have almost made these cases ineffective in the main treatment. The search for cytokines and immune regulators involved in in ammation and coagulation has led researchers to an autoimmune state in Buerger's disease (15)(16)(17) and prompted us to perform a systematic review of previous studies and to summarize the immune system pathways studied in TOA. Previous studies have focused on the treatment of TOA, while its physiological pathway is not well understood; according to the results of our review, this is the rst systematic study of the physiological pathway of injury in Buerger's disease.…”