INTRODUCTION:Honey is a common household product with many medicinal uses described in traditional medicine. Only recently has its antioxidant properties and preventive effects against disease been highlighted. Chrysin is a natural flavone commonly found in honey that has been shown to be an antioxidant agent. In this study, we investigated the antiproliferative and apoptotic effects of honey and chrysin on cultured human prostate cancer cells.METHODS:Cells were cultured in RPMI medium and treated with different concentrations of honey and chrysin for three consecutive days. Cell viability was quantitated by the 3-(4, 5-Dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2, 5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. The percentage of apoptotic cells was determined by flow cytometry using Annexin V-fluorescein isothiocyanate.RESULTS:The MTT assay revealed that both compounds had an antiproliferative effect on PC-3 cells in a dose- and time-dependent manner. The IC50 values for honey and chrysin against PC-3 cells were 2.5% and 24.5% after 48 h and 1.8% and 8.5% after 72 h, respectively. Chrysin induced apoptosis in PC-3 cells, as determined by flow cytometry.CONCLUSION:Our results suggest that honey has anti-proliferative effects on prostate cancer cells and the effects are mainly due to chrysin. Therefore, chrysin may be a potential compound for both cancer prevention and treatment. Further in vivo investigation is needed to support the use of chrysin in cancer therapy.
Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) is one of the T-cell mediated autoimmune diseases and vitamin D suppresses activation of T-cell and has immunomodulatory effects. In this study the association between four vitamin D receptor (VDR) gene polymorphisms, at positions FokI, BsmI, ApaI and TaqI, and susceptibility to T1DM was investigated. We assessed 87 Iranian patients with T1DM and one hundred healthy controls with no history of diabetes or other autoimmune diseases. Our results demonstrated that genotypes frequency of the TaqI VDR polymorphism differed significantly between T1DM patients and controls, TT genotype and T allele was more frequent in healthy controls compared with TIDM patients (P = 0.003; OR = 0.51, 95% CI = 0.31-0.84). Therefore, allele t is the risk-allele for developing TIDM in this study. No significant association was observed between others VDR SNPs and disease susceptibility. In conclusion, our case-control study indicated that the VDR TaqI polymorphism is associated with TIDM in Iranian population.
There is little information concerning the cytotoxic effects of no-mix and flowable adhesives used in orthodontics. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the cytotoxic effects of a no-mix (Unite), a light-cured (Tranbond XT), and a flowable (Denfil Flow) adhesives on human oral fibroblasts. Twelve discs of each adhesive were prepared and aged for 1, 3, 5, and 7 days in Dulbecco's Modified Eagle's Medium (DMEM). Cell viability was assessed by the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay and the difference between the groups was tested by analysis of variance and Tukey tests (α = 0.05). After 1 day of storage, the no-mix adhesive showed moderate cytotoxic effects (P < 0.05), while the light-cured and flowable adhesives were essentially non-cytotoxic. Ageing considerably reduced the cytotoxicity of the no-mix adhesive. On days 5 and 7 of the experiment, the cell viability of three adhesives did not differ significantly (P > 0.05), but cell viability was slightly reduced on day 7. Moderate cytotoxic effects of no-mix adhesive on the first day of the experiment suggest that care should be taken to protect dentists and patients when these adhesives are being handled. Despite higher resin components, the flowable adhesive showed excellent biocompatibility.
Background:The fact that antioxidants have several preventative effects against different diseases, such as coronary diseases, inflammatory disorders, neurologic degeneration, aging, and cancer, has led to the search for food rich in antioxidants. Honey has been used as a traditional food and medical source since ancient times. However, recently many scientists have been concentrating on the antioxidant property of honey. By use of human renal cancer cell lines (ACHN), we investigated the antiproliferative activity, apoptosis, and the antitumor activity of honey.Materials and Methods:The cells were cultured in Dulbecco’s modified Eagle’s medium with 10% fetal bovine serum treated with different concentrations of honey for 3 consecutive days. Cell viability was quantitated by the 3-(4,5-Dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide assay. Apoptotic cells were determined using Annexin-V-fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC) by flow cytometry.Results:Honey decreased the cell viability in the malignant cells in a concentration- and time-dependent manner. The IC 50 values against the ACHN cell lines were determined as 1.7 ± 0.04% and 2.1 ± 0.03% μg/mL after 48 and 72 h, respectively. Honey induced apoptosis of the ACHN cells in a concentration-dependent manner, as determined by flow cytometry histogram of treated cells.Conclusion:It might be concluded that honey may cause cell death in the ACHN cells, in which apoptosis plays an important role. Most of the drugs used in the cancer treatment are apoptotic inducers, hence apoptotic nature of honey is considered vital. Therefore, it prompted us to investigate honey as a potential candidate for renal cancer treatment.
Crocus sativus L., commonly known as saffron, is the raw material for one of the most expensive spice in the world, and it has been used in folk medicine for centuries. We investigated the potential of the ethanolic extract of saffron to induce cytotoxic and apoptosis effects in carcinomic human alveolar basal epithelial cells (A549), a commonly used cell culture system for in vitro studies on lung cancer. The cells were cultured in Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium with 10% fetal bovine serum treated with different concentrations of the ethanolic extract of saffron for two consecutive days. Cell viability was quantitated by the 3-(4, 5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2, 5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide assay. Apoptotic cells were determined using annexin V-fluorescein isothiocyanate by flow cytometry. Saffron could decrease the cell viability in the malignant cells as a concentration- and time-dependent manner. The IC₅₀ values against the A549 cell lines were determined as 1,200 and 650 μg/ml after 24 and 48 h, respectively. Saffron-induced apoptosis of the A549 cells in a concentration-dependent manner, as determined by flow cytometry histogram of treated cells that induced apoptotic cell death, is involved in the toxicity of saffron. It might be concluded that saffron could cause cell death in the A549 cells, in which apoptosis plays an important role. Saffron could also be considered as a promising chemotherapeutic agent in lung cancer treatment in future.
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