Humidity and CO2 gas sensing properties of double-layer graphene

Fan, Xuge; Elgammal, Karim; Smith, Anderson David; Östling, Mikael; Delin, Anna; Lemme, Max C.; Niklaus, Frank

doi:10.1016/j.carbon.2017.11.038

Cited by 69 publications

(48 citation statements)

References 75 publications

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“…For neither system, the adsorbed water molecule causes any visible change of the charge displacement in the interface region between the substrate and the graphene, that is, in the part of the system that affects the contact resistance. However, as we have already shown in refs 13 , 31 , 42 , 44 the electronic structure of the part of the system relevant for the sheet resistance, that is, the region in immediate vicinity of the graphene sheet, is clearly affected by adsorbed molecules. Because quartz is an electrical insulator, the electrons are forced to flow in the graphene sheet only.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 56%

Influence of Humidity on Contact Resistance in Graphene Devices

Quellmalz

Smith

Elgammal

et al. 2018

ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces

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The electrical contact resistance at metal–graphene interfaces can significantly degrade the properties of graphene devices and is currently hindering the full exploitation of graphene’s potential. Therefore, the influence of environmental factors, such as humidity, on the metal–graphene contact resistance is of interest for all graphene devices that operate without hermetic packaging. We experimentally studied the influence of humidity on bottom-contacted chemical-vapor-deposited (CVD) graphene–gold contacts, by extracting the contact resistance from transmission line model (TLM) test structures. Our results indicate that the contact resistance is not significantly affected by changes in relative humidity (RH). This behavior is in contrast to the measured humidity sensitivity of graphene’s sheet resistance. In addition, we employ density functional theory (DFT) simulations to support our experimental observations. Our DFT simulation results demonstrate that the electronic structure of the graphene sheet on top of silica is much more sensitive to adsorbed water molecules than the charge density at the interface between gold and graphene. Thus, we predict no degradation of device performance by alterations in contact resistance when such contacts are exposed to humidity. This knowledge underlines that bottom-contacting of graphene is a viable approach for a variety of graphene devices and the back end of the line integration on top of conventional integrated circuits.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 56%

Influence of Humidity on Contact Resistance in Graphene Devices

Quellmalz

Smith

Elgammal

et al. 2018

ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces

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“…In addition, the electrical resistance of 2D material membranes can be used to sense changes in temperature, strain, carrier concentration, or mobility that are induced by surface interactions (e.g., gas adhesion causes doping of the 2D material). It is important to note that the electrical resistance of 2D materials, especially graphene, is extremely sensitive to various environmental parameters, which means that parameters such as small changes in the air humidity [ 150 – 153 ], light [ 154 , 155 ], gases [ 119 , 151 , 152 , 156 ], or temperature can strongly affect the electronic properties of a 2D material. Thus, for reliable use as sensors, these cross-sensitivity effects either have to be eliminated, by shielding or packaging, or they should be corrected for based on a calibration curve that eliminates environmental changes using input from a temperature or humidity sensor or reference device that is integrated in the same system [ 6 , 25 ].…”

Section: Readout and Transduction Mechanismsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nanoelectromechanical Sensors Based on Suspended 2D Materials

et al. 2020

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The unique properties and atomic thickness of two-dimensional (2D) materials enable smaller and better nanoelectromechanical sensors with novel functionalities. During the last decade, many studies have successfully shown the feasibility of using suspended membranes of 2D materials in pressure sensors, microphones, accelerometers, and mass and gas sensors. In this review, we explain the different sensing concepts and give an overview of the relevant material properties, fabrication routes, and device operation principles. Finally, we discuss sensor readout and integration methods and provide comparisons against the state of the art to show both the challenges and promises of 2D material-based nanoelectromechanical sensing.

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“…According to relevant studies [18][19][20], double-layered graphene sheet may become very attractive. To obtain even fewer layers of graphene, the MMT may be modified from hydrophilicity to lipophilicity without the expansion of interlamellar spacing of MMT, so that double-layered graphene might be possibly generated within the interlamellar spacing of around 1.5 nm.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Preparation of Three-Layer Graphene Sheets from Asphaltenes Using a Montmorillonite Template

et al. 2019

Journal of Nanomaterials

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We propose a novel approach to synthesize graphene sheets with fine quality by calcinating the composites intercalated with montmorillonite (MMT) and asphaltene. The graphene sample thus fabricated could reach 10.79 μm long, with smooth and continuous morphology and with little defects. By analyzing the XRD patterns of graphene/MMT composites at different conditions, the graphene formation mechanism is elucidated and the optimal calcination conditions are researched. This study may provide useful insights for low-cost and scalable fabrication of graphene from asphaltene extracted from heavy crude oil.

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Humidity and CO2 gas sensing properties of double-layer graphene

Cited by 69 publications

References 75 publications

Influence of Humidity on Contact Resistance in Graphene Devices

Influence of Humidity on Contact Resistance in Graphene Devices

Nanoelectromechanical Sensors Based on Suspended 2D Materials

Preparation of Three-Layer Graphene Sheets from Asphaltenes Using a Montmorillonite Template

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