Human Volunteer Kinematics in Rear-End Sled Collisions

Davidsson, Johan; Deutscher, Christian; Hell, Wolfram; Lövsund, Per; Svensson, Mats Y.

doi:10.1080/10286580008902576

Cited by 28 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 5 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…4) presented by Hynd et al 17 based on 4g rear impacts performed by Davidsson et al 7 The head CG displacement relative to the sled in the posterior direction remained within the mean ± 1 SD response corridor for the duration of the impact. The head CG posterior translation relative to the T1 and the occipital condyle superior displacement both slightly deviated from the corridors beginning at~140 ms.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The global kinematic response of the model was compared to 4g rear impact volunteer tests. 7 This group performed 28 rear impacts on 13 human volunteers at speeds between 5 and 7 kph with an average peak acceleration of 3.6g. The test involved the collision of a bullet sled with a stationary target sled and volunteer seated on a laboratory seat with a headrest.…”

Section: Model Validationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The headrest used in the test was described as a stiff backing plate covered with 4 cm of foam, attached to a rigid frame with four coil springs of a specified preload and stiffness. 7 The mass of the headrest and dimensions were also specified. To model the headrest, the average sled X-acceleration was applied to the frame attachment points of the springs (Appendix A, Figs.…”

Section: Model Validationmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Cervical Spine Model to Predict Capsular Ligament Response in Rear Impact

2011

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Predicting neck kinematics and tissue level response is essential to evaluate the potential for occupant injury in rear impact. A detailed 50th percentile male finite element model, previously validated for frontal impact, was validated for rear impact scenarios with material properties based on actual tissue properties from the literature. The model was validated for kinematic response using 4 g volunteer and 7 g cadaver rear impacts, and at the tissue level with 8 g isolated full spine rear impact data. The model was then used to predict capsular ligament (CL) strain for increasing rear impact severity, since CL strain has been implicated as a source of prolonged pain resulting from whiplash injury. The model predicted the onset of CL injury for a 14 g rear impact, in agreement with motor vehicle crash epidemiology. More extensive and severe injuries were predicted with increasing impact severity. The importance of muscle activation was demonstrated for a 7 g rear impact where the CL strain was reduced from 28 to 13% with active muscles. These aspects have not previously been demonstrated experimentally, since injurious load levels cannot be applied to live human subjects. This study bridges the gap between low intensity volunteer impacts and high intensity cadaver impacts, and predicts tissue level response to assess the potential for occupant injury.

show abstract

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Model Validationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Model Validationmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Cervical Spine Model to Predict Capsular Ligament Response in Rear Impact

2011

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Volunteer test results were represented by a corridor calculated by plus: minus one standard deviation of the average volunteer response from four male volunteers [4]. The volunteers were exposed to a rear end impact sled test with a maximum peak acceleration of 3 g at a4v = 7 km/h.…”

Section: Loading Conditions and Constraintsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A three-dimensional finite element model of the cervical spine: an investigation of whiplash injury

Zhang

Wang

Zhou

et al. 2010

Med Biol Eng Comput

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Very few finite element models of the cervical spine have been developed to investigate internal stress on the soft tissues under whiplash loading situation. In the present work, an approach was used to generate a finite element model of the head (C0), the vertebrae (C1-T1) and their soft tissues. The global acceleration and displacement, the neck injury criterion (NIC), segmental angulations and stress of soft tissues from the model were investigated and compared with published data under whiplash loading. The calculated acceleration and displacement agreed well with the volunteer experimental data. The peak NIC was lower than the proposed threshold. The cervical S- and C-shaped curves were predicted based on the rotational angles. The highest segmental angle and maximum stress of discs mainly occurred at C7-T1. Greater stress was located in the anterior and posterior regions of the discs. For the ligaments, peak stress was at anterior longitudinal ligaments. Each level of soft tissues experienced the greatest stress at the time of cervical S- and C-shaped curves. The cervical spine was likely at risk of hyperextension injuries during whiplash loading. The model included more anatomical details compared to previous studies and provided an understanding of whiplash injuries.

show abstract

“…3,4 Altering head restraint stiffness may influence the occupant's kinematics, although no consensus has been reached. Some have advocated a stiffer head restraint for a whiplash-associated disorder (WAD) protection while others have recommended decreased head restraint stiffnesses.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A study on the influence of the seat and head restraint foam stiffnesses on neck injury in low speed offset rear impacts

Kim

2009

Int. J. Precis. Eng. Manuf.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Soft tissue neck injury (STNI) is thought to be related to automotive seat characteristics, and it is important to know how the stiffness of the seatback and head restraint foam affect the occupant's motions in low speed rear impacts. The combined MADYMO(MAthematical DYnamic MOdel, TNO) 50th percentile facet male human body model with a detailed neck model was selected for this analysis. In order to determine the relationship between the occupant's motions and seatback and head restraint foam stiffnesses, 40% offset rear impact simulations were performed by changing the stiffness of seatback and head restraint. Simulated results show that the maximum acceleration of head and trunk would tend to increase with those stiffnesses. Increased stiffness of the seatback and head restraint resulted in increased ligament and disc forces. On the other hand a proper combination of seatback and head restraint stiffness can reduce a possible neck injury. It is clear that an appropriate combination of stiffnesses between seatback and head restraint allows to minimize a neck injury.

show abstract

Human Volunteer Kinematics in Rear-End Sled Collisions

Cited by 28 publications

References 5 publications

Cervical Spine Model to Predict Capsular Ligament Response in Rear Impact

Cervical Spine Model to Predict Capsular Ligament Response in Rear Impact

A three-dimensional finite element model of the cervical spine: an investigation of whiplash injury

A study on the influence of the seat and head restraint foam stiffnesses on neck injury in low speed offset rear impacts

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About