A three-dimensional finite element model of the cervical spine: an investigation of whiplash injury

Zhang, Jianguo; Wang, Fang; Zhou, Rui; Xue, Qingguo

doi:10.1007/s11517-010-0708-9

Cited by 20 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…When modelled in three dimensional studies, both cortical and cancellous bone are most times represented through hexahedral, eight-node elements, e.g. : (Kumaresan, et al, 1999), (Zander, et al, 2001), (Schmidt, et al, 2007), (Papaioannou, et al, 2008), (Faizan, et al, 2009), (Wolfram, et al, 2010), (Zhang, et al, 2011), (Niemeyer, et al, 2012), (Kinzl, et al, 2013), (Liu, 2014), (Lughmani, et al, 2015). Although with some disadvantages related to accuracy and excessive stiffness (Donald, 2011) (Burkhart, et al, 2013), four-node tetrahedral elements are sometimes used for modelling cortical and cancellous bone because they are very easy to use in complex geometries, e.g.…”

Section: Element Typesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Finite Element Analysis of Bone and Experimental Validation

Almeida

Completo

2020

The Computational Mechanics of Bone Tissue

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This chapter describes the application of the finite element (FE) method to bone tissues. The aspects that differ the most between bone and other materials' FE analysis are the type of elements used, constitutive models, and experimental validation. These aspects are looked at from a historical evolution stand point. Several types of elements can be used to simulate similar bone structures and within the same analysis many types of elements may be needed to realistically simulate an anatomical part. Special attention is made to constitutive models, including the use of density-elastic ity relationships made possible through CT-scanned images. Other more complex models are also described that include viscoelasticity and anisotropy. The importance of experimental validation is discussed, describing several methods used by different authors in this challenging field. The use of cadaveric human bones is not always possible or desirable and other options are described, as the use of animal or artificial bones. Strain and strain rate measuring methods are also discussed, such as rosette strain gauges and optical devices.

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Section: Element Typesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Finite Element Analysis of Bone and Experimental Validation

Almeida

Completo

2020

The Computational Mechanics of Bone Tissue

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“…Since then, the FE model of the cervical spine has significantly improved from a 3D FE model (12) to models capable of simulating complex motion conditions (13) and studying bones and muscles (14). The continuous development of the cervical spine FE method has resulted in it being increasingly used for more complex mechanical analysis, such as cervical spine injury, artificial disc replacement, interbody fusion internal fixation, cervical spondylosis, and cervical spine instability (15)(16)(17)(18)(19).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A graphical guide for constructing a finite element model of the cervical spine with digital orthopedic software

Wu¹,

Han²,

Hu³

et al. 2021

Ann Transl Med

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Three-dimensional (3D) reconstruction and finite element analysis (FEA) have been extensively used to simulate cervical biomechanics. However, instructive articles providing full descriptions for operating Mimics software, Geomagic software, and FEA are rare in the literature. This omission has hindered research and development related to cervical spine biomechanics. Herein, we expound a detailed and easily understandable protocol for performing a digital biomechanics study which may facilitate a better understanding of the internal anatomy mechanics and the investigation of novel screw fixation techniques.We describe step-by-step instructions for use of Mimics and Geomagic software in FEA, along with a concise literature review. The key procedures of digital FEA stepwise instruction are presented, accompanied by a brief but complete report on the computed tomography (CT) imaging data for establishing the final finite element model. Previous publications regarding the commonly used software are also reviewed and discussed. Each piece of software performs a specific function for digital FEA establishment and each has its inherent shortcomings, making it is necessary to combine the software to leverage the advantages of each in order to best serve finite element research. For reasons of brevity, this study only provides an illustrative report on a small key part of finite element research in the cervical spine. These stepwise instructions can guide orthopedic researchers in conducting FEA studies in digital cervical biomechanics.

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“…Many reports have described applying the FEM for comparison analysis of bones 12,13 and joints, both before and after replacement. 14,15 These studies report the stress or strain distribution that occurs in various situations. For example, Op Den Buijs and Dragomir-Daescu 16 demonstrated the capability of a subject-specific two-dimensional (2D) finite element analysis (FEA) method.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of femur strain under different loading scenarios: Experimental testing

Levadnyi

Awrejcewicz

Zhang

et al. 2020

Proc Inst Mech Eng H

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Bone fracture, formation and adaptation are related to mechanical strains in bone. Assessing bone stiffness and strain distribution under different loading conditions may help predict diseases and improve surgical results by determining the best conditions for long-term functioning of bone-implant systems. In this study, an experimentally wide range of loading conditions (56) was used to cover the directional range spanned by the hip joint force. Loads for different stance configurations were applied to composite femurs and assessed in a material testing machine. The experimental analysis provides a better understanding of the influence of the bone inclination angle in the frontal and sagittal planes on strain distribution and stiffness. The results show that the surface strain magnitude and stiffness vary significantly under different loading conditions. For the axial compression, maximal bending is observed at the mid-shaft, and bone stiffness is also maximal. The increased inclination leads to decreased stiffness and increased magnitude of maximum strain at the distal end of the femur. For comparative analysis of results, a three-dimensional, finite element model of the femur was used. To validate the finite element model, strain gauges and digital image correlation system were employed. During validation of the model, regression analysis indicated robust agreement between the measured and predicted strains, with high correlation coefficient and low root-mean-square error of the estimate. The results of stiffnesses obtained from multi-loading conditions experiments were qualitatively compared with results obtained from a finite element analysis of the validated model of femur with the same multi-loading conditions. When the obtained numerical results are qualitatively compared with experimental ones, similarities can be noted. The developed finite element model of femur may be used as a promising tool to estimate proximal femur strength and identify the best conditions for long-term functioning of the bone-implant system in future study.

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A three-dimensional finite element model of the cervical spine: an investigation of whiplash injury

Cited by 20 publications

References 36 publications

Finite Element Analysis of Bone and Experimental Validation

Finite Element Analysis of Bone and Experimental Validation

A graphical guide for constructing a finite element model of the cervical spine with digital orthopedic software

Comparison of femur strain under different loading scenarios: Experimental testing

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