Human variable ratio performance

Bizo, Lewis A.; Remington, Bob; D’Souza, Lorraine S; Heighway, Samantha K; Baston, Clara

doi:10.1016/s0023-9690(02)00010-3

Cited by 8 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 56 publications

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“…The model provides a good account of response rates maintained on fixed ratio (FR; e.g., Bizo & Killeen, ), progressive ratio (PR; Covarrubias & Aparicio, ; Killeen, Posadas‐Sanchez, Johansen, & Thrailkill, ; Olarte‐Sánchez, Valencia‐Torres, Cassaday, Bradshaw, & Szabadi, ; Posadas‐Sanchez & Killeen, ; Rickard, Body, Zhang, Bradshaw, & Szabadi, ) and variable ratio (VR; Bizo & Killeen, ; Bizo et al, ) schedules of reinforcement with rats and pigeons, as well as with human participants (Armour & Bizo, ; Bizo, Remington, D'Souza, Heighway, & Baston, ). It has also proved useful in modelling the effects of drugs on behavior (Bezzina et al, ; Olarte‐Sánchez et al, ; Reilly, ; Sanabria, Acosta, Killeen, Neisewander, & Bizo, ) and modelling behavior on an animal model of Parkinson's disease (Avila et al, ).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Reinforcer quality matters: A test of the Mathematical Principles of Reinforcement with domestic hens (Gallus gallus domesticus)

Bruce

Jackson

Bizo

et al. 2019

J Exper Analysis Behavior

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This study evaluated the ability of Killeen's (1994) Mathematical Principles of Reinforcement to account for the effects of changes in reinforcer quality on hens' rates of responding on fixed-ratio schedules. Hens were trained to peck a key on a fixed-ratio schedule of reinforcement and then experienced an ascending series of ratio values in two separate conditions. In different conditions, the food reinforcer was either wheat or puffed wheat. Response rates initially increased with increases in ratio requirement before eventually decreasing at larger ratios. Quantitative fits of the model accounted for the data well. The fits revealed that different foods were systematically associated with changes in the specific activation parameter, a, and these were consistent with previous reports of preference for those food items.

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mentioning

confidence: 99%

Reinforcer quality matters: A test of the Mathematical Principles of Reinforcement with domestic hens (Gallus gallus domesticus)

Bruce

Jackson

Bizo

et al. 2019

J Exper Analysis Behavior

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“…Participants played a computerized game (adapted from a game designed by Bizo, Remington, D’Souza, Heighway, & Baston, 2002) in which the primary task was to find hidden treasures by clicking on a map (Figures 1 and 2). The rules of the game were presented in writing on the computer screen at the start of the session.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Maintenance of Safety Behaviors via Response-Produced Stimuli

Angelakis

Austin

2015

Behav Modif

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Animal studies suggest that safety behaviors may be maintained by internally or externally produced safety signals, which function as positive reinforcers. We designed two experiments to test this phenomenon with humans. Participants played a computerized game in which they could earn or lose treasures by clicking on a map. In baseline, losses could be postponed by pressing a pedal that also produced a blue bar at the bottom of the screen. During test conditions, no losses were programmed, and pedal presses turned the bar from yellow to blue (Test 1) or blue to yellow (Test 2). In Experiment 2, new participants were exposed to the same conditions but were given information about the safety of the test environment. In both experiments, participants engaged in high rates of pedal pressing when presses were followed by blue bars, suggesting the bar functioned as a safety signal. We discuss how these findings may relate to safety behaviors commonly observed in certain mental health disorders.

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“…Instructions can constrain responding in such as way as to facilitate contact with any arranged contingency (Hayes, 1989). For example, the use of a task that all participants interpret similarly appears to attenuate the unpredictable effects on performance produced by self-instruction (Bizo, Remington, D'Souza, Heighway, & Baston, 2002).…”

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confidence: 99%

Use of an ESP Cover Story Facilitates Reinforcement Without Awareness

Bizo

Sweeney

2005

Psychol Rec

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Participants were exposed to 3 conditions in a betweengroups design. Participants were told the experiment was about extrasensory perception and were asked to select the word from a pair of words that they thought the experimenter was thinking about. In 1 condition selections of the word with a double letter were reinforced with positive verbal feedback, and in another condition selections of nondouble letters were reinforced. The word selections of a control group were reinforced according to a random and predetermined order. By the end of the experimental session, participants who were reinforced for selecting a particular type of word, double letter or nondouble letter, selected that word significantly more than the alternative that was not associated with reinforcement and those participants in the control group selected the double-letter and nondouble-Ietter words equally often. In a postexperimental questionnaire none of the participants reported an awareness of the contingency. The present experiment replicates and extends previous work and confirms that participants' behavior can be modified by reinforcement without the participants' conscious awareness of the contingency.

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Human variable ratio performance

Cited by 8 publications

References 56 publications

Reinforcer quality matters: A test of the Mathematical Principles of Reinforcement with domestic hens (Gallus gallus domesticus)

Reinforcer quality matters: A test of the Mathematical Principles of Reinforcement with domestic hens (Gallus gallus domesticus)

Maintenance of Safety Behaviors via Response-Produced Stimuli

Use of an ESP Cover Story Facilitates Reinforcement Without Awareness

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