Human T-Cell Lymphotropic Virus Type 1 Infection Among Pregnant Women in Northeastern Brazil

This narrative review, which is based on a systematic literature search following the PRISMA guidelines, provides a general overview of Human T-cell Lymphotropic Virus type 1 (HTLV-1) and associated diseases: Adult T-cell Leukaemia-Lymphoma (ATLL) and HTLV-1-Associated Myelopathy/Tropical Spastic Paraparesis (HAM/TSP) in Latin America, focusing on epidemiology and prevention. Using the published information on HTLV-1, ATLL and HAM/TSP prevalence, we present comprehensive and accurate maps and tables, and developed an algorithm to assist in the prevention of HTLV-1 transmission through breastfeeding while considering socio-economic status. Latin America is an interesting scenario to study HTLV-1 because of the diverse origin of its population. Apart from the expected high prevalence in inhabitants of African ancestry, the presence of endemic foci affecting indigenous populations is particularly striking. ATLL prevention is the biggest challenge in this field. Most ATLL cases are transmitted through breastfeeding; thus, prevention methods to avoid ATLL in endemic countries have to be focused on this. In view of the high inequality in most Latin American countries, reduction in breastfeeding duration, freezing/ thawing and pasteurisation of breastmilk can be suitable interventions in poor settings, considering that avoiding the risk of malnutrition and infant mortality must be the priority.

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“… Most of the reports were performed in Brazil, Peru and Jamaica; all of them are considered endemic regions , , . …”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Human T‐Cell Lymphotropic Virus Type 1 and associated diseases in Latin America

Eusebio‐Ponce

Candel

Anguita

2019

Tropical Med Int Health

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“…Prevalence rates for HTLV-I and II were sixfold higher in pregnant women than in blood donors in the United Kingdom (Taylor et al, 2005). A study of 6754 pregnant women in Salvador, Brazil found 0.84% to be seropositive (Bittencourt et al, 2001).…”

Section: Phylogeny and Molecular Epidemiologymentioning

confidence: 98%

Global epidemiology of HTLV-I infection and associated diseases

et al. 2005

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“…Localized areas of Iran and Melanesia maintained rates below 5% [20,21]. Lower seroprevalence rates, around 2%, are found in several countries in South America [22][23][24]. North America and Europe are considered nonendemic geographic areas with very low prevalence, for example, 0.01-0.03% in USA and Canada [25,26], 0.002% in Norway [27], 0.0056% in Greece [28].…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

HTLV-1-Associated Myelopathy/Tropical Spastic Paraparesis (HAM/TSP) Inflammatory Network

Gonçalves¹,

Proietti²,

Barbosa-Stancioli³

et al. 2008

IADT

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| HAM/TSP patients experience impaired functional capacity. The use of categorical scales to accurately describe motor ability in these patients has been questioned. Aim: To evaluate the functional capacity of HAM/TSP patients by using the individual tests comprising the GDLAM protocol. Methods: Cross-sectional study carried out in the CHTLV, Salvador, Brazil. Functional capacity was evaluated using the tests of the GDLAM protocol (timed 10-minute walk, getting up from a sitting position, rising from a prone position, getting up from a chair, and moving around the house). Functional classifications were made by comparing patient performance to that of uninfected control individuals. Results: Twenty-four HAM/TSP and 25 healthy individuals were enrolled. Only 75% HAM/TSP patients completed the GDLAM protocol. Six patients failed to perform the RPP test. Timed measurements were significantly higher in the HAM/ TSP patients in comparison to uninfected controls. Conclusion: The use of alternative methods, such as the individual tests comprising the GDLAM protocol, may more accurately assess motor function in HAM/ TSP patients.

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Human T-Cell Lymphotropic Virus Type 1 Infection Among Pregnant Women in Northeastern Brazil

Cited by 27 publications

References 13 publications

Human T‐Cell Lymphotropic Virus Type 1 and associated diseases in Latin America

Human T‐Cell Lymphotropic Virus Type 1 and associated diseases in Latin America

Global epidemiology of HTLV-I infection and associated diseases

HTLV-1-Associated Myelopathy/Tropical Spastic Paraparesis (HAM/TSP) Inflammatory Network

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