Human Stereopsis

Patterson, Robert; Martin, Wayne

doi:10.1177/001872089203400603

Cited by 92 publications

(68 citation statements)

References 111 publications

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“…Such misperception would be related to misperceived distance and the concept of perceptual constancy (Patterson & Martin, 1992), as we will explain.…”

Section: Perceptual Constancymentioning

confidence: 81%

“…Recall that the visual system likely scales retinal size, binocular disparity, and perhaps retinal speed in accordance with viewing distance information, a process called distance scaling. If proprioception from ocular vergence and/or accommodation provides information about viewing distance (Edgar et al, 1993;Ellis et al, 1995;Owens & Leibowitz, 1976,1980von Hofsten,1976;Wetzel et al,1996), then an accommodation-vergence mismatch may disrupt the distance scaling operation and cause the size, depth, or speed of HMD imagery to be altered (Patterson & Martin, 1992). Sheedy and Bergstrom (2002), who had participants perform several text-based tasks as well as a routine of head and body movements, compared five types of displays: monocular head-mounted, binocular head-mounted, hard copy, flat panel, and a small-format portable display.…”

Section: Accommodation-vergence Synergymentioning

confidence: 99%

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Perceptual Issues in the Use of Head-Mounted Visual Displays

2006

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Public reporting burden for this collection of information is estimated to average 1 hour per response, including the time for reviewing instructions, searching existing data sources, gathering and maintaining the data needed, and completing and reviewing this collection of information. Send comments regarding this burden estimate or any other aspect of this collection of information, including suggestions for reducing this burden to Department of Defense, Washington Headquarters Services, Directorate for Information Operations and Reports (0704-0188), 1215 Jefferson Davis Highway, Suite 1204, Arlington, VA 22202-4302. Respondents should be aware that notwithstanding any other provision of law, no person shall be subject to any penalty for failing to comply with a collection of information if it does not display a currently valid OMB control number. PLEASE DO NOT RETURN YOUR FORM TO THE ABOVE ADDRESS. REPORT DATE (DD-MM-YYYY)2. REPORT TYPE 3. DATES COVERED (From -To) SPONSORING / MONITORING AGENCY NAME(S) AND ADDRESS(ES) 10. SPONSOR/MONITOR'S ACRONYM(S)AFRL; AFRL/HEA SPONSOR/MONITOR'S REPORT NUMBER(S) Air Force Research Laboratory Human Effectiveness Directorate Warfighter Readiness Research Division 6030 South Kent Street Mesa AZ 85212-6061 AFRL-HE-AZ-TP-2007-03 DISTRIBUTION / AVAILABILITY STATEMENTApproved for public release; distribution is unlimited. SUPPLEMENTARY NOTESThis paper was originally published in the journal Human Factors (Volume 48, Fall 2006). ABSTRACTObjective: We provide a review and analysis of much of the published literature on visual perception issues that impact the design and use of head-mounted displays (HMDs). Background: Unlike the previous literature on HMDs, this review draws heavily from the basic vision literature in order to help provide insight for future design solutions for HMDs. Method: Included in this review are articles and books found cited in other works as well as articles and books obtained from an Internet search. Results: Issues discussed include the effect of brightness and contrast on depth of field, dark focus, dark vergence, and perceptual constancy; the effect of accommodation/vergence synergy on perceptual constancy, eyestrain, and discomfort; the relationship of field of view to the functioning of different visual pathways and the types of visualmotor tasks mediated by them; the relationship of binocular input to visual suppression; and the importance of head movements, head tracking, and display update lag. Conclusion: This paper offers a set of recommendations for the design and use of HMDs. Application: Consideration of the basic vision literature will provide insight for future design solutions for HMDs.

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“…Such misperception would be related to misperceived distance and the concept of perceptual constancy (Patterson & Martin, 1992), as we will explain.…”

Section: Perceptual Constancymentioning

confidence: 81%

Section: Accommodation-vergence Synergymentioning

confidence: 99%

Perceptual Issues in the Use of Head-Mounted Visual Displays

2006

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“…It has often been argued that people with a congenital or early onset lack of stereopsis develop compensatory strategies that enable them to circumvent this visual deWcit. Such strategies include the use of monocular cues like occlusion, accommodation, and motion parallax (Patterson and Wayne 1992;Cutting and Vishton 1995). From studies with a monocular-binocular paradigm (e.g.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Stereo vision enhances the learning of a catching skill

et al. 2007

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The aim of this study was to investigate the contribution of stereo vision to the acquisition of a natural interception task. Poor catchers with good (N = 8; Stereo+) and weak (N = 6; Stereo¡) stereo vision participated in an intensive training program spread over 2 weeks, during which they caught over 1,400 tennis balls in a pre-postretention design. While the Stereo+ group improved from a catching percentage of 18% to 59%, catchers in the Stereo¡ group did not signiWcantly improve (from 10 to 31%), this progress being indiVerent from a control group (N = 9) that did not practice at all. These results indicate that the development and use of of compensatory cues for depth perception in people with weak stereopsis is insuYcient to successfully deal with interceptions under high temporal constraints, and that this disadvantage cannot be fully attenuated by speciWc and intensive training.

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“…Since retinal disparity is the primary cue for binocular depth perception or stereopsis (Collewijn and Erkelens 1990;Patterson and Martin 1992), studying individuals suffering from detrimental stereoscopic vision would entail a unique population to assess the contribution of stereopsis and retinal disparity in the timing of interceptive actions. Moreover, in what way a person with poor stereoscopic vision (disparity) acts in an inexperienced monocular situation has not yet been examined.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The contribution of stereo vision to one-handed catching

et al. 2004

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Participants with normal (StereoN) and weak (StereoW) stereopsis caught tennis balls under monocular and binocular viewing at three different speed conditions. Monocular or binocular viewing did not affect catching performance in catchers with weak stereopsis, while the StereoN group caught more balls under binocular vision as compared with the monocular condition. These effects were more pronounced with increasing ball speed. Kinematic analysis of the catch partially corroborated these findings. These results indicate that StereoW catchers have not developed a compensatory strategy for information pick-up, and that negative effects of a lack of stereopsis grow larger as temporal constraints become more severe. These findings also support the notion that several monocular and/or binocular information sources can be used in the control of interceptive action.

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Human Stereopsis

Cited by 92 publications

References 111 publications

Perceptual Issues in the Use of Head-Mounted Visual Displays

Perceptual Issues in the Use of Head-Mounted Visual Displays

Stereo vision enhances the learning of a catching skill

The contribution of stereo vision to one-handed catching

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