Human rotavirus enteritis induced in conventional piglets. Intestinal structure and transport.

Davidson, Garry J.; Gall, David; Petric, Martin; Butler, Daniel G.; Hamilton, J. R.

doi:10.1172/jci108901

Cited by 146 publications

(87 citation statements)

References 36 publications

(24 reference statements)

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“…and gastrointestinal physiology (18,10). ('lose correlation has bccn shown betibeen the rcsponsc o f t h c newborn piglet and that o f t h c human neonate to gastrointestinal infection (20). Although the lactose load in sow milk avel-ages 0 g/dl.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Short-Chain Fatty Acid Profile in the Colon of Newborn Piglets Using Fecal Water Analysis

Murray

McClung

et al. 1987

Pediatr Res

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ABSTRACT. Short-chain fatty acid production and assimilation is unlikely to occur a t significant levels in the newborn because the colon at birth is sterile, and only gradually acquires an anaerobic flora. This study profiled short-chain fatty acid levels in the colon lumen over the initial 21 days of life. Fecal samples were removed surgically from the cecum, right, and left colon from 36 York piglets, 0-21 days of life. Samples were subjected to in vitro dialysis and centrifugation methods to quantitate fecal water short-chain fatty acids, electrolytes, osmolality, and pH. A three-way analysis of variance examined piglet age, colon site of fecal samples, and method of fecal water analysis, for each variable. No differences were found between techniques of fecal water collection. Newborns showed production of short-chain fatty acids a s early a s the 1st day of life in limited amounts. Levels were stable between days 5 and 14, and then abruptly accumulated in the lumen. Acetate was predominant early, with propionate and butyrate responsible for late peaks. The production and assimilation of short-chain fatty acids was nearly complete proximal to the left colon. Age and colon site showed significant interactions for each fatty acid (p < 0.001). The combined osmolar contributions of short-chain fatty acids and electrolytes accounted completely for the luminal osmolality after the 2nd wk of life. Previously there was an "osmolar gap" suggesting that lactose or its breakdown products were present in the lumen and were being removed by pathways other than through short-chain fatty acid production. (Pediatr Res 22:720-724, 1987) Abbreviations SCFA, short-chain fatty acids CEN, centrifugation DIA, in vitro dialysis POST-DIA, postdialysis centrifugation ANOVA, analysis of variance ip, intraperitonealThe passage of carbohydrates across the ileocecal valve is a normal phenomenon throughout life. A metabolic pathway for carbohydrate digestion in the colon has been well established (1). In the anaerobic environment of the colon, fecal organisms ferment carbohydrate to gasses (H2, C02, CH4) and SCFA (acetate, butyrate, and propionate). The presence of SCFA is critical to the normal physiology of the colon. SCFA absorption from the lumen of the colon is rapid and efficient, and their

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Short-Chain Fatty Acid Profile in the Colon of Newborn Piglets Using Fecal Water Analysis

Murray

McClung

et al. 1987

Pediatr Res

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“…Viral enteritis has markedly different effects along the villus-crypt axis. For example, in piglets, villus tip cells are infected by the virus, whereas crypt cells undergo mitogenesis to regenerate the damaged villus tips (13,22). Previous investigations of mTOR activation in the intestine used Western blot techniques (14).…”

Section: Effect Of Rotavirus Infection On Mtor/p70 S6k In Malnourishementioning

confidence: 99%

Intestinal ribosomal p70^S6Ksignaling is increased in piglet rotavirus enteritis

Rhoads

Corl

Harrell

et al. 2007

American Journal of Physiology-Gastrointestinal and Liver Physi

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Recent identification of the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway as an amino acid-sensing mechanism that regulates protein synthesis led us to investigate its role in rotavirus diarrhea. We hypothesized that malnutrition would reduce the jejunal protein synthetic rate and mTOR signaling via its target, ribosomal p70 S6 kinase (p70S6K). Newborn piglets were artificially fed from birth and infected with porcine rotavirus on day 5 of life. Study groups included infected (fully fed and 50% protein calorie malnourished) and noninfected fully fed controls. Initially, in “worst-case scenario studies,” malnourished infected piglets were killed on days 1, 3, 5, and 11 postinoculation, and jejunal samples were compared with controls to determine the time course of injury and p70S6Kactivation. Using a 2 × 2 factorial design, we subsequently determined if infection and/or malnutrition affected mTOR activation on day 3. Western blot analysis and immunohistochemistry were used to measure total and phosphorylated p70S6K; [3H]phenylalanine incorporation was used to measure protein synthesis; and lactase specific activity and villus-crypt dimensions were used to quantify injury. At the peak of diarrhea, the in vitro jejunal protein synthetic rate increased twofold (compared with the rate in the uninfected pig jejunum), concomitant with increased jejunal p70S6Kphosphorylation (4-fold) and an increased p70S6Klevel (3-fold, P < 0.05). Malnutrition did not alter the magnitude of p70S6Kactivation. Immunolocalization revealed that infection produced a major induction of cytoplasmic p70S6Kand nuclear phospho-p70S6K, mainly in the crypt. A downregulation of semitendinosus muscle p70S6Kphosphorylation was seen at days 1–3 postinoculation. In conclusion, intestinal activation of p70S6Kwas not inhibited by malnutrition but was strongly activated during an active state of mucosal regeneration.

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“…This is seen in many cases of diarrhea and is the pharmacologic mechanism of antidiarrheal agents. [7][8][9][10] To detect ion transport in epithelia, the Ussing chamber attached with voltage/current clamp for measuring short-circuit currents across epithelial tissues is a reliable method and has been used for decades. Movement of charged ions across the epithelia generally creates a potential difference between the epithelia.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Ethanol Extracts of Three Chinese Medicinal Plants with Laxative Properties on Ion Transport of the Rat Intestinal Epithelia

Tsai

Chang

2004

Biological & Pharmaceutical Bulletin

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Huomaren increased the short-circuit current of the forskolin-activated ileal epithelia (control). The current augmentation was diminished by the addition of ouabain before the Huomaren extract (ouabain). Addition of bumtanide partially blocked the effect of Huomaren on augmenting the short-circuit current (bumetanide). Values are meanϮ S.D. for 6 individual measurements. Different letters indicate statistically significant different (pϽ0.05) determined using Student's t-test.

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Human rotavirus enteritis induced in conventional piglets. Intestinal structure and transport.

Cited by 146 publications

References 36 publications

Short-Chain Fatty Acid Profile in the Colon of Newborn Piglets Using Fecal Water Analysis

Short-Chain Fatty Acid Profile in the Colon of Newborn Piglets Using Fecal Water Analysis

Intestinal ribosomal p70^S6Ksignaling is increased in piglet rotavirus enteritis

Effect of Ethanol Extracts of Three Chinese Medicinal Plants with Laxative Properties on Ion Transport of the Rat Intestinal Epithelia

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Human rotavirus enteritis induced in conventional piglets. Intestinal structure and transport.

Cited by 146 publications

References 36 publications

Short-Chain Fatty Acid Profile in the Colon of Newborn Piglets Using Fecal Water Analysis

Short-Chain Fatty Acid Profile in the Colon of Newborn Piglets Using Fecal Water Analysis

Intestinal ribosomal p70S6Ksignaling is increased in piglet rotavirus enteritis

Effect of Ethanol Extracts of Three Chinese Medicinal Plants with Laxative Properties on Ion Transport of the Rat Intestinal Epithelia

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Intestinal ribosomal p70^S6Ksignaling is increased in piglet rotavirus enteritis