Human Rights and United States Policy Toward Latin America

Schoultz, Lars

doi:10.1515/9781400854295

Cited by 120 publications

(26 citation statements)

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“…6 Both actions were specifically aimed at weakening the capacity of Somoza to abuse his population through his campaign against the FSLN. However, according to Schoultz (1981), Carter's sanctions galvanized opposition to the Somoza regime, particularly given that Somoza's repressive apparatus was losing support from the U.S. 7 This analysis suggests that the export restriction on police and military equipment to Nicaragua undermined Somoza's efforts to suppress the nascent FSLN, allowed them to transition from terrorists to a full blown guerrilla insurgency, and ultimately contributed to the collapse of the Somoza regime. In this case, Carter's sanctions against Nicaragua clearly undermined the U.S. goal of containing Communist subversives in the country.…”

Section: The Effect Of Sanctions On Terrorist Group Survivalmentioning

confidence: 99%

WITHDRAWN: Economic sanctions and the dynamics of terrorist campaigns¹

McLean

Hinkkainen

Calle

et al. 2017

Conflict Management and Peace Science

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Although states rarely use economic sanctions specifically to combat transnational terrorism, potential targets of sanctions often face terrorist campaigns within their territory. States may avoid using sanctions against states with terrorists for fear of weakening target states excessively, thereby indirectly strengthening terrorist groups. However, this argument has not been subjected to rigorous empirical testing. This study presents a theoretical and empirical examination that explores how the imposition of sanctions affects the dynamics of ongoing terrorist campaigns in the targeted state. We argue that comprehensive sanctions that are imposed on targets that are fighting transnational terrorists within their territory should make these groups more resistant to collapse. However, similar sanctions imposed against states that serve as 'home bases' or sanctuaries to terrorists should shorten the lifespan of these groups. Our empirical analysis yields results largely supportive of these theoretical expectations.

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Section: The Effect Of Sanctions On Terrorist Group Survivalmentioning

confidence: 99%

WITHDRAWN: Economic sanctions and the dynamics of terrorist campaigns¹

McLean

Hinkkainen

Calle

et al. 2017

Conflict Management and Peace Science

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…At the same time, the so-called 'Latin Americans' lived in contexts where American discourses on Latin America were perceived (when they were at all) mostly as a foreign product that did not necessarily impinge on their identities as Peruvians, Guatemalans, Argentineans, Brazilians, etc. This does not mean, however, that they did not suffer the consequences of such discourses, which were used to justify American political and military intervention (Schoultz, 1998;Smith, 1996), cooperation with dictatorial rulers (Schoultz, 1981), repressive police forces (Huggins, 1998), anti-democratic military and rightwing guerrilla organizations (Berger, 1995).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Representing Latin America through Pre-Columbian Art

Feres

2009

Theory, Culture & Society

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Latin America has often been represented by images of pre-Columbian artifacts and artwork on book covers and in other printed materials produced by Latin American studies. This article tries to show that there are strong connections between this type of representation and the semantics of Latin America both in everyday English language and in the discourses of the social sciences. First, the author reviews the history of the concept of Latin America in everyday English language, showing how it has been defined as the opposite of a glorified collective self-image of America, in cultural, temporal, and racial terms. Next, chief approaches of Latin American studies (modernization theory, studies of corporatism, and the present-day textbook literature) are examined, focusing on how social scientific discourses have defined Latin America. Before returning to the topic of preColumbian representation, the covers of the best-selling present-day textbooks are surveyed to show how these pictorial representations reproduce the cultural and temporal perceptions of otherness already present in the texts, plus a racial perception that is mostly absent in them. The author argues that the pre-Columbian representation reproduces the three aspects of Latin America's othering in a powerful and synthetic way. Last, the results of the present analysis are evaluated in the light of some contributions to postcolonial theory, visual culture studies and picture theory.

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“…Outra forma, menos asséptica, de enxergar o SIDH, e por consequência os próprios direitos humanos, seria assumi-los como luta pela afirmação de determinados valores e identidades e enquanto espaço-ação permeado e definido em razão dos (DONNELLY, 1986(DONNELLY, , 2003FORSYTHE, 1991;FARER, 1988;SHOULTZ, 1981), na ausência significativa do Canadá (STEVENSON, 1994;FRANÇA, 2013) Os aqui denominados Estados "em cima do muro" se diferenciam dos demais Estados engajados no SIDH em razão de sua objeção circunstancial 5 à jurisdição da Corte IDH. Compõem esse grupo 6 : Antígua e Barbuda, Bahamas, Belize, Canadá, Cuba, Dominica, Estados Unidos, Guiana, Granada, Jamaica, São Cristóvão e Nevis, Santa Lucia e São Vicente e Granadinas.…”

Section: Sidh: Espaço De Disputas Políticasunclassified

Mudança Institucional em Regimes de Direitos Humanos: o Sistema Interamericano e os Estados “em cima do muro”

Ramanzini

2017

Rev. Carta Inter.

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ResumoO objetivo do artigo consiste em analisar o desenvolvimento institucional do Sistema Interamericano de Direitos Humanos (SIDH) sob o prisma da relação entre a Comissão Interamericana de Direitos Humanos (CIDH) e os Estados não jurisdicionados. A seleção desse grupo de Estados -que se manteve "em cima do muro" ao longo do processo de transformação do sistema regional em um sistema protetivo -representa um ponto de partida pouco explorado. Como esses Estados encontram-se comprometidos em menor grau com as obrigações regionais de direitos humanos, é comum receberem a pecha de obstáculos à universalização do SIDH. As raras referências aos Estados não jurisdicionados nos estudos sobre o SIDH se restringem a qualificá-los como impedimentos à expansão e ao adensamento institucional do sistema regional. Os achados da pesquisa permitem rivalizar com essa ideia, sugerindo que, embora comprometidos em menor grau, a presença e a participação dos Estados não jurisdicionados no SIDH são parcelas explicativas não apenas do design institucional e funcionamento peculiar do SIDH, mas também da própria continuidade do sistema regional de direitos humanos, por representarem a construção de um fator de estabilidade institucional dentro de um panorama persistente de questionamentos da própria ideia de proteção interamericana dos direitos humanos na região.Palavras-chave: instituições internacionais; regimes internacionais; direitos humanos; sistema interamericano de direitos humanos 1 Esse artigo resulta de projeto de pesquisa financiado pelo CNPq 2 Fellow no Carr Center for Human Rights Policy, Harvard Kennedy School.

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Human Rights and United States Policy Toward Latin America

Cited by 120 publications

References 0 publications

WITHDRAWN: Economic sanctions and the dynamics of terrorist campaigns¹

WITHDRAWN: Economic sanctions and the dynamics of terrorist campaigns¹

Representing Latin America through Pre-Columbian Art

Mudança Institucional em Regimes de Direitos Humanos: o Sistema Interamericano e os Estados “em cima do muro”

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Human Rights and United States Policy Toward Latin America

Cited by 120 publications

References 0 publications

WITHDRAWN: Economic sanctions and the dynamics of terrorist campaigns1

WITHDRAWN: Economic sanctions and the dynamics of terrorist campaigns1

Representing Latin America through Pre-Columbian Art

Mudança Institucional em Regimes de Direitos Humanos: o Sistema Interamericano e os Estados “em cima do muro”

Contact Info

Product

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WITHDRAWN: Economic sanctions and the dynamics of terrorist campaigns¹

WITHDRAWN: Economic sanctions and the dynamics of terrorist campaigns¹