Human retrovirus 5 sequences in peripheral blood cells of patients with B-cell non-Hodgkin's lymphoma

Murovska, Modra; Lejniece, Sandra; Kozireva, Svetlana; Koulikovska, Marina; Yin, Hong; Blomberg, Jonas

doi:10.1002/(sici)1097-0215(20000315)85:6<762::aid-ijc4>3.0.co;2-z

Cited by 13 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 17 publications

(21 reference statements)

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“…However, the virus has also been detected in other inflammatory conditions (6,14,31), in lymphoma (19,27,30), and occasionally in normal tissue and blood (6,14). HRV-5 was initially identified in British patients, but viral sequences have since been independently detected in individuals from several European countries and the United States (19,27; D. J. Griffiths and P. J. W. Venables, Author's Reply, Arthritis Rheum. 42:2493-2494, 1999), suggesting that this virus had a wide geographical prevalence in humans.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Novel Endogenous Retrovirus in Rabbits Previously Reported as Human Retrovirus 5

Griffiths

Voisset

Venables³

et al. 2002

J Virol

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Human retrovirus 5 (HRV-5) represented a fragment of a novel retrovirus sequence identified in human RNA and DNA preparations. In this study, the genome of HRV-5 was cloned and sequenced and integration sites were analyzed. Using PCR and Southern hybridization, we showed that HRV-5 is not integrated into human DNA. A survey of other species revealed that HRV-5 is present in the genomic DNA of the European rabbit (Oryctolagus cuniculus) and belongs to an endogenous retrovirus family found in rabbits. The presence of rabbit sequences flanking HRV-5 proviruses in human DNA extracts suggested that rabbit DNA was present in our human extracts, and this was confirmed by PCR analysis that revealed the presence of rabbit mitochondrial DNA sequences in four of five human DNA preparations tested. The origin of the rabbit DNA and HRV-5 in human DNA preparations remains unclear, but laboratory contamination cannot explain the preferential detection of HRV-5 in inflammatory diseases and lymphomas reported previously. This is the first description of a retrovirus genome in rabbits, and sequence analysis shows that it is related to but distinct from A-type retroelements of mice and other rodents. The species distribution of HRV-5 is restricted to rabbits; other species, including other members of the order Lagomorpha, do not contain this sequence. Analysis of HRV-5 expression by Northern hybridization and reverse transcriptase PCR indicates that the virus is transcribed at a low level in many rabbit tissues. In light of these findings we propose that the sequence previously designated HRV-5 should now be denoted RERV-H (for rabbit endogenous retrovirus H).

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confidence: 99%

Novel Endogenous Retrovirus in Rabbits Previously Reported as Human Retrovirus 5

Griffiths

Voisset

Venables³

et al. 2002

J Virol

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“…The link with RA was striking in that HRV-5 DNA was also detected in 50% of synovial biopsies from RA joints, although synovial tissue from some patients with osteoarthritis and reactive arthritis were also occasionally positive. In contrast, HRV-5 DNA was hardly ever detected in normal joints and blood from healthy donors (67,188,189,260,261,350,414). One group could not reproduce the positive detection in joint DNA, but the tissue samples were not directly comparable since there was little inflammatory tissue in these samples (166).…”

Section: Human Retrovirusmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…The provenance of some other viruses is still unexplained. More recently, PCR has been used to search for retrovirus sequences expressed in human tumors, and these have been found either to be HERVs (69,82,294,440) or to be closely related to animal viruses (350,414,497,514). HERVs have been implicated in a variety of tumors including melanoma (82,354), germ cell tumors (30), breast cancer (516), and leukemia (66,339), but it is unclear whether the increased expression of these elements precedes the cancer or whether it is a result of altered gene regulation in the tumor cells.…”

Section: Retroviruses In Human Cancermentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In addition, this variation was interpreted to indicate that PCR contamination was not responsible for the data. Critically, in addition to our own laboratory in London, HRV-5 sequences were identified in human tissue extracts by a number of other laboratories in Europe and the United States (147,260,350,397; also see reference 187). Taking this evidence together, HRV-5 appeared to represent a novel exogenous human retrovirus.…”

Section: Human Retrovirusmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…One group could not reproduce the positive detection in joint DNA, but the tissue samples were not directly comparable since there was little inflammatory tissue in these samples (166). A survey of human cancers identified HRV-5 DNA sequences in approximately 10% of lymphoma patients (414), and this was confirmed by much larger independent studies (260,350). Thus, the hypothesis made from the PCR data was that HRV-5 was a common infection with a very low virus load that was increased in some patients with RA, SLE, or lymphoma.…”

Section: Human Retrovirusmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Human RNA “Rumor” Viruses: the Search for Novel Human Retroviruses in Chronic Disease

Voisset

Weiss

Griffiths

2008

Microbiol Mol Biol Rev

143

156

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SUMMARY Retroviruses are an important group of pathogens that cause a variety of diseases in humans and animals. Four human retroviruses are currently known, including human immunodeficiency virus type 1, which causes AIDS, and human T-lymphotropic virus type 1, which causes cancer and inflammatory disease. For many years, there have been sporadic reports of additional human retroviral infections, particularly in cancer and other chronic diseases. Unfortunately, many of these putative viruses remain unproven and controversial, and some retrovirologists have dismissed them as merely “human rumor viruses.” Work in this field was last reviewed in depth in 1984, and since then, the molecular techniques available for identifying and characterizing retroviruses have improved enormously in sensitivity. The advent of PCR in particular has dramatically enhanced our ability to detect novel viral sequences in human tissues. However, DNA amplification techniques have also increased the potential for false-positive detection due to contamination. In addition, the presence of many families of human endogenous retroviruses (HERVs) within our DNA can obstruct attempts to identify and validate novel human retroviruses. Here, we aim to bring together the data on “novel” retroviral infections in humans by critically examining the evidence for those putative viruses that have been linked with disease and the likelihood that they represent genuine human infections. We provide a background to the field and a discussion of potential confounding factors along with some technical guidelines. In addition, some of the difficulties associated with obtaining formal proof of causation for common or ubiquitous agents such as HERVs are discussed.

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Prevalence of blood-borne viral infections (cytomegalovirus, human herpesvirus-6, human herpesvirus-7, human herpesvirus-8, human T-cell lymphotropic virus-I/II, human retrovirus-5) among blood donors in Latvia

Kozireva

Nemceva²,

Danilane³

et al. 2001

Annals of Hematology

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The identification of blood-borne viral infections is important in transfusion medicine. The aim of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of human herpesvirus (HHV) [cytomegalovirus (CMV), HHV-6, HHV-7 HHV-8] and human retrovirus (HRV) (human T-cell lymphotropic virus (HTLV)-I/II, HRV-5) infections among apparently healthy Latvian blood donors. DNA extracted from peripheral blood leukocytes (PBL) of 150 individuals was tested for herpesviruses by sensitive polymerase chain reaction (PCR) technique. None of the blood donors was positive for HHV-8 infection, while the incidence of latent beta-herpesvirus infections was high: single infection by CMV, HHV-6, and HHV-7 was detected in 2.6%, 8.0%, and 43.3% of blood donors, respectively. Simultaneous dual and triple infections of these viruses were observed in 28.0% and 4.7% of individuals, respectively. Active infection by CMV and HHV-6 was not found, but HHV-7 DNA was present in plasma of 10.6% of the blood donors. While all blood donors were HTLV-II and HRV-5 negative, 4.6% of HTLV-I seronegative blood donors were positive for the HTLV-I tax gene, although none of them harbored sequences for structural genes of the provirus. Based on our results, we conclude that monitoring of beta-herpesvirus infections in blood donors can be important in cases of transfusions to immunocompromised persons. HHV-8, as well as the retroviruses HTLV-II and HRV-5, were not found in blood of Latvian blood donors. More investigations are required to explain the presence of the HTLV-I tax sequence in seronegative blood donors.

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Human retrovirus 5 sequences in peripheral blood cells of patients with B-cell non-Hodgkin's lymphoma

Cited by 13 publications

References 17 publications

Novel Endogenous Retrovirus in Rabbits Previously Reported as Human Retrovirus 5

Novel Endogenous Retrovirus in Rabbits Previously Reported as Human Retrovirus 5

Human RNA “Rumor” Viruses: the Search for Novel Human Retroviruses in Chronic Disease

Prevalence of blood-borne viral infections (cytomegalovirus, human herpesvirus-6, human herpesvirus-7, human herpesvirus-8, human T-cell lymphotropic virus-I/II, human retrovirus-5) among blood donors in Latvia

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