Human resistin in cardiovascular disease

Abstract

An adipokine, resistin, was first discovered as a potential mediator of obesity related insulin resistance in rodents. However, the relevance of resistin in human obesity and insulin resistance has been challenged by the difference between human and rodent resistin and the controversies in human epidemiologic studies. Instead, recent human clinical studies and experiments support the idea that human resistin is an inflammatory mediator and a biomarker of cardiovascular diseases, especially in atherosclerosis and heart failure. Thus, we focused on the recent evidence of the role of human resistin in cardiovascular disease.Key words: resistin, adipokine, inflammation, atherosclerosis, heart failure, cardiovascular disease Resistin as an adipokine in rodent modelPrevalence of obesity is growing rapidly and it has become a major worldwide health problem because it is strongly associated with a number of diseases, including insulin resistance, type 2 diabetes, atherosclerosis and ischemic heart disease, that reduce life expectancy and together have huge economic and societal consequences (Ouchi et al., 2011). Adipocytes or adipose tissue have been considered to hold responsibility for development of such obesity-related disorders and became the target of tremendous studies to elucidate the mechanism of obesity-related disorders and the clues to cure or prevent those problems. These studies have identified adipocytes or adipose tissue, which were previously well-known for their essential role as energy storage depots, as an active endocrine gland that secretes important hormones, cytokines, vasoactive substances, and other peptides. Adipocytes or adipose tissue, thereby, influence local adipocyte biology as well as systemic metabolism at sites as diverse as brain, liver, muscle, B cells, gonads, lymphoid organs, and systemic vasculature as a regulator of food intake and nutrient metabolism, insulin sensitivity, stress responses, reproduction, bone growth, and S.e. Lee, et al. 28 inflammation (Kahn and Flier, 2000). These factors that are expressed and secreted by adipocytes or adipose tissue are collectively referred to as adipokines. A growing number of proteins have been identified as an adipokines since adipsin was identified as an adipokine by Cook et al. (1987) and TNFalpha by Hotamisligil et al. (1993). Subsequently leptin was identified to be secreted by adipose tissue and to regulate food intake and energy expenditure in an endocrine manner by Zhang et al. (1994). Adiponectin was discovered as an adipokine that is decreased in obesity by Scherer et al. (1995), Hu et al. (1996) and Maeda et al. (1996), and many succeeding studies showed that it has protective role against several metabolic and cardiovascular disorders associated with obesity. It has been widely recognized that the abnormal expression of these factors strongly contributes the pathogenic processes of obesity related disorders (Ouchi et al., 2011). Thus much attention has been paid to discovering new factors secreted by adipose tissue ...

The associations of leptin, adiponectin and resistin with incident atrial fibrillation in women

“…An additional mechanistic explanation has been proposed through the direct effect of various adipocyte-derived peptides on cardiovascular physiology. The adipokines leptin, adiponectin and resistin are attractive candidates for this role as their levels are known to be significantly impacted by obesity and their effects on various cardiovascular properties have been well documented 6 7 8. Adipokines may, therefore, serve as additional tools for the risk stratification of patients in regards to the development of AF.…”

Association of resistin polymorphisms with resistin levels and lipid profile in children

“…It has been linked to obesity and obesity-associated alterations, although its precise role in metabolic disorders is under debate [2,3]. Resistin levels have been associated with variations in lipid levels in several adult populations [4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11].…”

Efeitos do treinamento de força a longo prazo sobre parâmetros hemodinâmicos e concentração de resistina em mulheres na pós-menopausa

“…A resistina é um marcador de estado inflamatório e tem sido relacionada ao desenvolvimento de doenças cardiovasculares (5,6,7) . Ademais, há uma correlação negativa entre a atividade física e os níveis de mediadores inflamatórios circulantes (33) .…”

“…Um biomarcador importante relacionado a alterações no perfil lipídico, pressão arterial e doenças cardiovasculares é a resistina, uma adipocina recentemente identificada e pertencente a uma família de proteínas ricas em cisteína. A resistina é expressa especificamente no tecido adiposo branco e sua secreção está fortemente relacionada à inflamação, obesidade, resistência à insulina, diabetes, dislipidemias, hipertensão arterial e ao desenvolvimento de doença arterial coronariana (5)(6)(7) . Dentre as modalidades de exercícios disponíveis, o treinamento de força (TF) tem sido destacado como responsável por aspectos emocionais, benefícios na densidade mineral óssea e na qualidade de vida, diminuição da dor e da inflamação em mulheres na pós-menopausa (8,9) .…”