“…This is because space use by predators creates areas in the landscape that prey perceives as high or low risk (the ‘landscape of fear’) (Laundré, Hernández, Altendorf 2001, Gaynor et al ., 2019), which, in turn, affects prey behaviour. Predator–prey theory suggests that prey can respond to risk at multiple scales, with long‐term (predictable) risk factors leading to spatial avoidance (risky‐places hypothesis) (Creel et al ., 2008; Dröge et al ., 2017; Bubnicki et al ., 2019; Nickel et al ., 2020) and short‐term (unpredictable) risky factors to temporal partitioning (risky‐times hypothesis) (Dröge et al ., 2017; Nickel et al ., 2020). The level of risk perceived by prey may also depend on the type of cue encountered (Cromsigt et al ., 2013; Kuijper et al ., 2014), for example a single direct encounter with a predator could be perceived as an intense short‐term risk triggering heightened vigilance or fleeing, whereas frequent encounters of a predator (or its scats, urine, body odour, etc.)…”