Human placenta has no microbiome but can contain potential pathogens

Goffau, Marcus C. de; Lager, Susanne; Sovio, Ulla; Gaccioli, Francesca; Cook, Emma; Peacock, Sharon J.; Parkhill, Julian; Charnock-Jones, D. Stephen; Smith, Gordon C. S.

doi:10.1038/s41586-019-1451-5

Cited by 556 publications

(559 citation statements)

References 35 publications

(42 reference statements)

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“…This may impact our results in several ways. None of these studies were executed with quality control measures that can affect estimates of microbial diversity, such as process blanks during DNA extraction, no template controls during PCR, and batch effects during library preparation [48][49][50][51]. While we applied an arbitrary cutoff to remove contaminants, it is difficult to know how potential contaminants may affect the observed results.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Meta-analysis suggests the microbiome responds to Evolve and Resequence experiments inDrosophila melanogaster

Henry

Ayroles

2020

Preprint

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Experimental evolution has a long history of uncovering fundamental insights into evolutionary processes but has largely neglected one underappreciated component-the microbiome. As eukaryotic hosts evolve, the microbiome may also evolve in response. However, the microbial contribution to host evolution remains poorly understood. Here, we analyzed the metagenomes from 10 E&R experiments in Drosophila melanogaster to determine how the microbiome changes in response to host selection. Bacterial diversity was significantly different in 5/10 studies in traits associated with metabolism or immunity. Additionally, we find that excluding reads from a facultative symbiont, Wolbachia, in the analysis of bacterial diversity changes the inference, raising important questions for future E&R experiments in D. melanogaster. Our results suggest the microbiome often responds to host selection but highlights the need for more work to understand how the microbiome changes the host response to selection.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Meta-analysis suggests the microbiome responds to Evolve and Resequence experiments inDrosophila melanogaster

Henry

Ayroles

2020

Preprint

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“…The healthy neonate is born sterile. Recent reports suggesting the presence of a microbiota in healthy placental and fetal tissue before birth have been challenged and most probably reflect the detection of free bacterial nucleic acid molecules derived from environmental sources . Nevertheless, the fetal tissue is of course not completely shielded from microbial constituents and innate immune signals.…”

Section: Development Of the Neonatal Microbiotamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Recent reports suggesting the presence of a microbiota in healthy placental and fetal tissue before birth have been challenged and most probably reflect the detection of free bacterial nucleic acid molecules derived from environmental sources. 8,9 Nevertheless, the fetal tissue is of course not completely shielded from microbial constituents and innate immune signals. A recent study in mice reported on the priming effect of aryl hydrocarbon receptor ligands of the maternal microbiota on the offspring's immune system with elevated numbers of type 3 innate lymphoid and myeloid cells known to participate in the antibacterial host response.…”

Section: Development Of the Neonatal Microbiotamentioning

confidence: 99%

‘Layered immunity’ and the ‘neonatal window of opportunity’ – timed succession of non‐redundant phases to establish mucosal host–microbial homeostasis after birth

Hornef

Torow

2019

Immunology

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Summary The intricate host–microbial interaction and the overwhelming complexity of the mucosal immune system in the adult host raise the question of how this system is initially established. Here, we propose the implementation of the concept of the ‘postnatal window of opportunity’ into the model of a ‘layered immunity’ to explain how the newborn's mucosal immune system matures and how host–microbial immune homeostasis is established after birth. We outline the concept of a timed succession of non‐redundant phases during postnatal immune development and discuss the possible influence of external factors and conditions.

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“…7_1_47FAA (Figure 6D, Table S3). We observed a lower relative abundance of Ureaplasma parvum in individuals who delivered by cesarean section (Figure 6E, Table S3), a bacterium commonly isolated from pregnant women (Anderson et al, 2013) and recently reported in the lower respiratory tract of preterm infants (Pattaroni et al, 2018) and in preterm placenta (de Goffau et al, 2019). Compared with vaginal deliveries, the plasma concentrations of testosterone, androstenedione, methionine, threonine and tryptophan were significantly lower in women who experienced caesarean section (Figure 6D, 6E).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 52%

“…Individuals dominated by B. breve had older age at vaginal sexual debut compared to those dominated by L. cripspatus or L. iners (Figure 2B, p = 0.00026 and p = 0.0019, respectively). Streptococcus agalactiae (Group B Streptococcus ), a bacterium responsible for neonatal sepsis and recently reported in placenta (de Goffau et al, 2019), could be detected in 5.62 % of the individuals (Figure 2A, Table S1C). Other microorganisms including Prevotella bivia , Escherichia coli , Ureaplasma parvum , human papillomavirus (HPV), herpesviruses, Influenza A virus and Haemophilus influenzae were abundant in some individuals (Figure 2A, Table S1C).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 86%

The vagino-cervical microbiome as a woman’s life history

Jie

Liang

et al. 2019

Preprint

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The vagina contains at least a billion microbial cells, which are dominated byLactobacilli. Here we perform metagenomic shotgun sequencing on cervical samples from 1148 women. Factors such as pregnancy, delivery histories and breast-feeding were all more important than menstrual cycle in shaping the microbiome. Bifidobacterium breve was seen with older age at sexual debut;Lactobacillus crispatus negatively correlated with pregnancy history; potential markers for lack of menstrual regularity, heavy flow, dysmenorrhea, contraceptives were also identified. Other features such as mood fluctuations and facial speckles could potentially be deduced from the vagino-cervical microbiome. Gut and oral microbiome, plasma vitamins, metals, amino acids and hormones showed associations with the vagino-cervical microbiome. Our results offer an unprecedented glimpse into the microbiota of the female reproductive tract and call for international collaborations to better understand its long-term health impact. Highlights:Shotgun sequencing of 1148 vagino-cervical samples reveal subtypes; 1Other omics such as moods and skin features could be predicted by the vagino-cervical 2 bacteria; 3Factors such as delivery mode and breast-feeding associate with the vagino-cervical 4 microbiome; 5With dwindled Lactobacilli, postmenopausal samples are relatively enriched for viruses. 6 7 3 4 vulvovaginal candidiasis (Bradford and Ravel, 2017). The over 90% of human 30 sequences in female reproductive tract samples, in contrast to 1% in feces (Li et al., 31 2018; Methé et al., 2012; Wang and Jia, 2016), has made metagenomic shotgun 32 sequencing more expensive. Most studies of the vaginal microbiota used 16S rRNA 33 gene amplicon sequencing, which lacked a view of the overall microorganism 34 communities including bacteria, archaea, viruses and fungi (Byrd et al., 2018), as well 35 as the functional capacity encoded. Besides infection, studies on current sexual activity 36 and the menstrual cycle occurred naturally to the vaginal microbiota field (Gajer et al., 37 2012; Ravel et al., 2010). However, lasting impacts from other potentially important 38 factors such as sexual debut, pregnancy and breast-feeding have not been looked at in 39 a reasonably large cohort. 40 41 As a sizable reservoir of microbes instead of a transient entity, the female reproductive 42 tract microbiota might also reflect conditions in other body sites. It is however not clear 43 whether other omics in circulation or in the intestine cross-talks with the vagino-cervical 44 microbiome. Intersecting with hormones, metabolic and immune functions, we find it 45intriguing to explore the potential link of the vagino-cervical microbiome to the brain and 46 the face. 47 5 data, immune indices, physical fitness test, facial skin imaging, as well as female life 53 history questionnaire, lifestyle questionnaire, and psychological questionnaire (Figure 1). 54Our work pinpoints other metadata or omics that can predict or be predicted from the 55 microbiota in the female reproductive tr...

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Human placenta has no microbiome but can contain potential pathogens

Cited by 556 publications

References 35 publications

Meta-analysis suggests the microbiome responds to Evolve and Resequence experiments inDrosophila melanogaster

Meta-analysis suggests the microbiome responds to Evolve and Resequence experiments inDrosophila melanogaster

‘Layered immunity’ and the ‘neonatal window of opportunity’ – timed succession of non‐redundant phases to establish mucosal host–microbial homeostasis after birth

The vagino-cervical microbiome as a woman’s life history

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