Human placenta and fetal membranes contain peptide YY1-36 and peptide YY3-36

Xiao, Qing; Han, Xiaobin; Arany, Edith; Hill, D. J.; Challis,; McDonald, Tinisha

doi:10.1677/joe.0.1560485

Cited by 11 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…We found that PYY (3-36) accounted for a high percentage (almost 50%) of total PYY immunoreactivity in our study population, similarly to previous reports in adults (1), and in accordance with the demonstration of both isoforms of PYY, in equal amounts, in fetal intestinal tissues (17). However, it contradicts the results of the study of Adrian et al showing that, on gel permeation chromatography, the majority of circulating PYY-like immunoreactivity, in the neonate, eluted in an identical position to the pure 36 amino acid PYY standard; thus represented the PYY (1-36) (18).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

Peptide YY (3-36) Represents a High Percentage of Total PYY Immunoreactivity in Preterm and Full-Term Infants and Correlates Independently With Markers of Adiposity and Serum Ghrelin Concentrations

et al. 2007

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ABSTRACT:The gut hormone peptide YY 3-36 ] has been suggested to posses anorexigenic actions in animals and human adults. However, its circulating concentrations and function have not been studied in neonates. Serum concentrations of PYY (3-36) were determined by RIA (RIA) in 62 healthy preterm infants [mean(SD) gestational age, 32.0(2.1) weeks; postnatal age, 40.9(14.8 d)] and 15 healthy fullterm infants of comparable postnatal age and gender. The correlations between PYY (3-36) levels and anthropometric characteristics, food intake, growth rates and circulating concentrations of total PYY, ghrelin, leptin, insulin and adiponectin were examined. Mean (SD) PYY (3-36) concentrations were higher in preterm [543.7(157.6) ng/L) than full term infants [350.9(114.1) ng/L; p Ͻ 0.001) and accounted for 48% and 42% of total PYY basal plasma immunoreactivity in preterm and full term infants, respectively. In multiple regression analysis, concentrations correlated negatively with the infants' BMI and positively with serum ghrelin concentrations, but not with caloric intake, weight gain or concentrations of any other hormone studied. In conclusion, PYY (3-36) represents almost half of total PYY immunoreactivity in neonates. It's correlations with ghrelin and BMI suggest a role of this peptide in the regulation of energy homeostasis; however, its specific functions and physiologic significance in neonates remain to be elucidated. ] is one of the two major molecular forms of the gut peptide YY, the other isoform being PYY (1-36) (1). Both isoforms, in addition to exerting secretory and motor activities throughout the gut (2,3), are involved in the central regulation of food intake and energy balance. Both peptides have an anorexigenic effect through a Y2 receptor-mediated mechanism at the level of hypothalamus, whereas PYY (1-36) also possesses orexigenic action by acting at central Y1 receptors (3,4). PYY (3-36) is more potent than PYY (1-36) in several effects, such as decrease of food intake and inhibition of gastric emptying (3).In adults, PYY (3-36) accounts for 37% and 54% of total PYY immunoreactivity in basal and postprandial plasma, respectively (1). However, circulating levels of PYY (3-36)have not been measured in neonates so far. The aim of the present study was to determine the circulating concentrations of PYY (3-36) in preterm and full term infants and to examine their possible associations with the infants' size, caloric intake, weight gain and the serum concentrations of total PYY or other hormones implicated in the regulation of metabolism, such as ghrelin, leptin, insulin and adiponectin (5,6). METHODSStudy population and protocol. Sixty-two preterm [mean (SD) gestational age, 32.0 (2.1) weeks; birth weight, 1542 (275) g; males, 28] and 15 healthy full term infants [gestational age, 39.0 (1.0) weeks; birth weight, 3200 (498) g; males, 6] who served as the reference group were studied. Full term infants had similar gender distribution to that of preterm infants. Gestational age was estimated from the last ...

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

Peptide YY (3-36) Represents a High Percentage of Total PYY Immunoreactivity in Preterm and Full-Term Infants and Correlates Independently With Markers of Adiposity and Serum Ghrelin Concentrations

et al. 2007

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“…Although the potential role of PYY- in fitting the reproductive function to body energy stores is still poorly characterized, recent data suggested its involvement in the control of reproductive axis. Thus, in addition to the reported presence of PYY-(3-36) in placenta (62), recent data from our laboratory indicated that PYY-(3-36) stimulates in vitro FSH and LH secretion by pituitaries from prepubertal female and male rats and inhibited in vitro GnRH secretion selectively in males (17). In addition, infusion of PYY- into the lateral ventricle rapidly inhibited estrous behavior in ovariectomized steroid-primed hamsters (35) and decreased LH secretion in prepubertal male rats (17).…”

mentioning

confidence: 64%

Stimulatory effect of PYY-(3–36) on gonadotropin secretion is potentiated in fasted rats

Pinilla¹,

Fernández²,

Vigo³

et al. 2006

American Journal of Physiology-Endocrinology and Metabolism

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] is a gastrointestinal secreted molecule recently shown to be involved in the control of food intake with agonistic activity on neuropeptide Y (NPY) receptor subtypes Y2 and Y5. Notably, PYY-(3-36) has been recently demonstrated as putative regulator of gonadotropin secretion in the rat. However, the "reproductive" facet of this factor remains to be fully elucidated. In this context, we report herein our analyses of the influence of the nutritional status on the effects of PYY-(3-36) upon GnRH and gonadotropin secretion. The major findings of our study are 1) the stimulatory effect of central administration of PYY-(3-36) on LH secretion was significantly enhanced after fasting and blocked by a GnRH antagonist; 2) besides central effects, PYY-(3-36) elicited LH and FSH secretion directly at the pituitary level, a response that is also augmented by fasting; 3) PYY-(3-36) inhibited GnRH secretion by hypothalamic fragments from male rats fed ad libitum, whereas a significant stimulatory effect was observed after fasting; and 4) the increase in the gonadotropin responsiveness to PYY-(3-36) in fasting was not associated with changes in the expression of Y2 and Y5 receptor genes at hypothalamus and/or pituitary. In conclusion, our study extends our previous observations suggesting a relevant, mostly stimulatory, role of PYY-(3-36) in the control of gonadotropin secretion. Strikingly, such an effect was significantly enhanced by fasting. Considering the proposed decrease in PYY-(3-36) levels after fasting, the possibility that reduced PYY-(3-36) secretion might contribute to defective function of the gonadotropic axis after food deprivation merits further investigation.polypeptide YY-(3-36); gonadotropin-releasing hormone; luteinizing hormone; follicle-stimulating hormone; fasting; pituitary ALTHOUGH IT IS KNOWN that conditions of negative energy balance are frequently linked to lack of puberty onset and reproductive failure, at the moment the mechanisms involved in fitting the reproductive function to body energy stores remain incompletely defined. Compelling evidence has recently demonstrated that central and peripheral endocrine signals governing energy homeostasis, such as the adipocytederived hormone leptin, the stomach-derived hormone ghrelin, orexins, and neuropeptide Y (NPY), are also involved in the control of reproductive function by acting at different levels of hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis.In this context, it has been demonstrated that NPY, a member of the pancreatic polypeptide family (54), is involved in the control of food intake, reproductive function, and pituitary secretion (26,27,30,33). In rats, central administration of NPY advances puberty (43), whereas immunoneutralization of NPY reduced the magnitude of the LH surge during the afternoon of first proestrus (42). A facilitatory role of NPY on the onset of puberty has been also reported in the female rhesus monkey (23) and in chicks (18). Secretion of NPY to portal vasculature is increased on the afternoon of proestrus and serves to amplify...

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“…The expression of the peptide YY and insulin receptors (as well as the associated glucose transporter) expression has also been noted in endometrial cells with variation during the menstrual cycle, although the roles of these hormones in the endometrium requires further investigation (Xiao et al, 1998;Mioni et al, 2012).…”

Section: Gut and Adipose Hormones: Endometrial Development And Functionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The relationship between gut and adipose hormones, and reproduction

Comninos

Jayasena

Dhillo

2013

Human Reproduction Update

127

101

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Gut and adipose hormones interact with the reproductive axis as well as with each other. While leptin and insulin have stimulatory effects and ghrelin has inhibitory effects on hypothalamic GnRH secretion, there is increasing evidence for their roles in other sites of the reproductive axis as well as evidence for the roles of other gut and adipose hormones in the complex interplay between nutrition and reproduction. As our understanding improves, so will our ability to identify and design novel therapeutic options for reproductive disorders and accompanying metabolic disorders.

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Human placenta and fetal membranes contain peptide YY1-36 and peptide YY3-36

Cited by 11 publications

References 37 publications

Peptide YY (3-36) Represents a High Percentage of Total PYY Immunoreactivity in Preterm and Full-Term Infants and Correlates Independently With Markers of Adiposity and Serum Ghrelin Concentrations

Peptide YY (3-36) Represents a High Percentage of Total PYY Immunoreactivity in Preterm and Full-Term Infants and Correlates Independently With Markers of Adiposity and Serum Ghrelin Concentrations

Stimulatory effect of PYY-(3–36) on gonadotropin secretion is potentiated in fasted rats

The relationship between gut and adipose hormones, and reproduction

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