Human pegivirus RNA is found in multiple blood mononuclear cells in vivo and serum-derived viral RNA-containing particles are infectious in vitro

Chivero, Ernest T.; Bhattarai, Nirjal; Rydze, Robert T.; Winters, Mark A.; Holodniy, Mark; Stapleton, Jack T.

doi:10.1099/vir.0.063016-0

Cited by 73 publications

(101 citation statements)

References 53 publications

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“…For example, Gonzalez et al [36] have reported that coinfection with DV in HIV-1 infected patients resulted in stable CD4+ T cell counts and no acceleration in progression to HIV-1 to AIDS. López-Lemus et al [9] and McLinden et al [10] have shown DV NS5 expression interference with HIV-1 replication in vitro.…”

Section: Mirnas Silence Numerous Viruses In Susceptiblementioning

confidence: 99%

“…If the hypothesis of extracellular structural mimicry is correct, then HIV-1 and GBV-C protein structures must show some degree of mutual homology. Several groups have shown neutralization of diverse isolates of HIV-1 by GBV-C E2 Abs or synthetic peptides, but have found no structural homology [9,12,[38][39].…”

Section: The Flaviviridae and Hiv-1 Homologous Mirnasmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Clinical reports indicate that GBV-C and some other members of the Flaviviridae infections are able to quell HIV-1 replication [3][4][5][6][8][9][10][11][12]25,27]. Our computational analyses, which show that a large number of mutually homologous miRNAs are present that may quell HIV-1, suggest that the mechanisms of the beneficial effects of the Flaviviridae co-infection against HIV-1 likely is via miRNAs and other mechanisms reported by various investigators may be of secondary nature, as has been previously reviewed [5][6][8][9][10][11][12]25,27]. If the hypothesis of extracellular structural mimicry is correct, then HIV-1 and GBV-C protein structures must show some degree of mutual homology.…”

Section: The Flaviviridae and Hiv-1 Homologous Mirnasmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Comparison with un-transfected Jurkat cells showed that the three cell lines expressing a high degree of homologous miRNAs significantly inhibited HIV-1 during the 48 day period of observation. The three other cell lines, two expressing non-homologous miRNAs (miR-34.1 and miR-508) and a third one, an empty vector (NC), were used as the negative controls [8,9]. The empty vector was used to determine whether expression of EGP adversely interfered with HIV-1 replication since a concern was that over-expression of EGP may occupy the protein synthesis machinery that might indirectly slow down HIV-1 replication by…”

Section: Flaviviral-regulated Mirna-induced Gene Silencing Of Hiv-1mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For example, HCV may cause hepatic failure and is the major cause of hepatocellular carcinoma in infected individuals. While most studies have reported the beneficial effects of GBV-C in HIV-1 co-infected patients, data are accumulating to show varying degrees of benefit for other flaviviruses [8][9][10][11][12]. GBV-C is a close relative of GB virus A, GB virus B, and HCV.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Use of Flaviviral genetic fragments as a potential prevention strategy for HIV-1 Silencing

Sheraz

Kanak

Hasan

et al. 2016

J Infect Dev Ctries

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Introduction: Coinfection with certain members of the Flaviviridae, such as Dengue Virus (DV), West Nile Virus (WNV) Yellow Fever Virus (YFV) and most importantly, GBV-C have been documented to reduce HIV-1 viral load in vivo. Numerous studies strongly support the notion that persistent coinfection with non-pathogenic virus prolongs survival in HIV-1 infected individuals. Coinfected individuals show higher CD4+ cell counts, lower HIV-1 RNA viral loads and live three times longer than clinically matched HIV-1 monoinfected patients. We have previously shown that one of the major anti-HIV defenses conferred by GBV-C coinfection is the upregulation of intracellular miRNAs in CD4+ cells that share significant mutual homologies with GBV-C and HIV-1 (>80%) genomes. Methodology: Genome-wide bioinformatics analyses were carried out to search for miRNA binding sites in mutual homologies between HIV and several members of the Flaviviridae Results: Several miRNAs shared significant mutual homology with HIV-1 genetic sequences and GBV-A, B, C, DV, WNV and YFV. These may be responsible for beneficial effects in HIV-1 infected individuals. Three highly mutual homologous miRNAs (i.e. miR-627-5, miR-369-5 and miR-548f), expressed in CD4+ cell lines, reduce HIV-1 replication by up to 90% whereas miRNAs with low mutual homologies (i.e. miR-34-1 and miR-508) impart only slight inhibition of HIV-1. Conclusion: We hypothesize that a recombinant GBV-C-based vector can be constructed which expresses several beneficial genetic motifs of the Flaviviridae without causing any side effects while stimulating a wide array of beneficial miRNAs that can more efficiently prevent HIV-1 infection.

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Section: Mirnas Silence Numerous Viruses In Susceptiblementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: The Flaviviridae and Hiv-1 Homologous Mirnasmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: The Flaviviridae and Hiv-1 Homologous Mirnasmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Flaviviral-regulated Mirna-induced Gene Silencing Of Hiv-1mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Use of Flaviviral genetic fragments as a potential prevention strategy for HIV-1 Silencing

Sheraz

Kanak

Hasan

et al. 2016

J Infect Dev Ctries

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Experimental transmission of equine hepacivirus in horses as a model for hepatitis C virus

et al. 2015

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Equine hepacivirus (EHCV; nonprimate hepacivirus) is a hepatotropic member of the Flaviviridae family that infects horses. Although EHCV is the closest known relative to hepatitis C virus (HCV), its complete replication kinetics in vivo have not been described, and direct evidence that it causes hepatitis has been lacking. In this study, we detected EHCV in 2 horses that developed post-transfusion hepatitis. Plasma and serum from these horses were used to experimentally transmit EHCV to 4 young adult Arabian horses, two 1-month-old foals (1 Arabian and 1 Arabian-pony cross), and 2 foals (1 Arabian and 1 Arabian-pony cross) with severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID). Our results demonstrated that EHCV had infection kinetics similar to HCV and that infection was associated with acute and chronic liver disease as measured by elevations of liver-specific enzymes and/or by histopathology. Although most of these animals were coinfected with equine pegivirus (EPgV), also a flavivirus, EPgV viral loads were much lower and often undetectable in both liver and blood. Three additional young adult Arabian-pony crosses and 1 SCID foal were then inoculated with plasma containing only EHCV, and evidence of mild hepatocellular damage was observed. The different levels of liver-specific enzyme elevation, hepatic inflammation, and duration of viremia observed during EHCV infection suggested that the magnitude and course of liver disease was mediated by the virus inoculum and/or by host factors, including breed, age, and adaptive immune status. Conclusion: This work documents the complete infection kinetics and liver pathology associated with acute and chronic EHCV infection in horses and further justifies it as a large animal model for HCV. (HEPATOLOGY 2015;61:1533-1546 H epatitis C virus (HCV), a member of the Hepacivirus genus in the family Flaviviridae, is estimated to persistently infect 150 million people throughout the world, and is a leading cause of cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. Development of a vaccine that prevents persistent infection is an important goal, but significant challenges to prophylaxis include viral immune escape, antigenic diversity of different viral strains, and the limitations of current mouse models for studies of HCV infection, progression, and vaccine development.1,2 Although humans are the only natural hosts for HCV, chimpanzees can be infected with HCV, develop similar clinical disease as humans, and currently represent the best model for vaccine studies.1 However, owing to the proposed listing of all chimpanzees as endangered and the resulting phase out of the use of chimpanzees in research, 3 alternative animal models are needed. Small animal models in which to dissect correlates of vaccine-mediated protection against HCV would have distinct advantages, but in their absence, alternative large animal models deserve consideration. Recent work has identified unique hepaciviruses and viruses of the closely related genus Pegivirus in rodents, bats, and

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Prevalence and vertical transmission of human pegivirus among pregnant women infected with HIV

Santos

Lobato

Barral

et al. 2017

Intl J Gynecology & Obste

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Human pegivirus RNA is found in multiple blood mononuclear cells in vivo and serum-derived viral RNA-containing particles are infectious in vitro

Cited by 73 publications

References 53 publications

Use of Flaviviral genetic fragments as a potential prevention strategy for HIV-1 Silencing

Use of Flaviviral genetic fragments as a potential prevention strategy for HIV-1 Silencing

Experimental transmission of equine hepacivirus in horses as a model for hepatitis C virus

Prevalence and vertical transmission of human pegivirus among pregnant women infected with HIV

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