Human pathogenic viruses are retained in and released by Candida albicans biofilm in vitro

Mazaheri-Tehrani, Elham; Sala, Arianna; Orsi, Carlotta Francesca; Neglia, Rachele Giovanna; Morace, Giulia; Blasi, Elisabetta; Cermelli, Claudio

doi:10.1016/j.virusres.2013.10.018

Cited by 24 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 55 publications

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“…Herpes simplex virus 1 (HSV-1), coxsackievirus B5 (CoxV B5), adenovirus (AdV), and vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) strains used in this study were clinical isolates, identified by monoclonal antibodies and laboratory adapted through serial passages (> 50) on Vero cells [27]. Viral suspensions used as inocula were obtained from centrifuged lysates of virus-infected Vero cells, cultured in serum-free medium.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antiviral Activity of Synthetic Peptides Derived from Physiological Proteins

et al. 2018

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Background/Aims: New antivirals are needed to supplement or replace currently used drugs. The aim of this study was to evaluate the antiviral activity of synthetic peptides derived from physiological proteins. Methods: Vero cell monolayers were infected with herpes simplex virus 1, vesicular stomatitis virus, adenovirus, and coxsackievirus B5 strains in the presence of different concentrations of the selected peptides and viral yield was determined by plaque reduction assays to evaluate the antiviral activity of the peptides. Virucidal activity was evaluated by determining the residual infectivity of viral suspensions treated for 1 h with the peptides at the same concentrations as in the viral yield assays. Results: Among the investigated peptides, the killer peptide proved to exert a considerable antiviral activity against herpes simplex virus, attributable to a direct effect on virus particles, while its derivative K10S showed to be effective against the four investigated virus strains only at the highest concentration tested, yet, the inhibitory effects were only partial. Conclusion: Overall, initial evidence is provided on the antiviral activity of several peptides, as well as of their derivatives. Further investigation is warranted to ascertain the mechanism of action in order to develop new potential antiviral drugs.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antiviral Activity of Synthetic Peptides Derived from Physiological Proteins

et al. 2018

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“…Crystal Violet (CV) and 2,3-bis(2-methoxy-4-nitro-5-sulfophenyl)-2H-tetrazolium-5-carboxanilide (XTT, Sigma, St Louis, MO, USA) reduction-based assays were used, in order to quantify total biofilm mass and cell viability, respectively, as detailed elsewhere [22, 23]. …”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The synthetic killer peptide KP impairs Candida albicans biofilm in vitro

et al. 2017

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Candida albicans is a commensal organism, commonly inhabiting mucosal surfaces of healthy individuals, as a part of the resident microbiota. However, in susceptible hosts, especially hospitalized and/or immunocompromised patients, it may cause a wide range of infections. The presence of abiotic substrates, such as central venous or urinary catheters, provides an additional niche for Candida attachment and persistence, particularly via biofilm development. Furthermore, Candida biofilm is poorly susceptible to most antifungals, including azoles. Here we investigated the effects of a synthetic killer peptide (KP), known to be active in vitro, ex vivo and/or in vivo against different pathogens, on C. albicans biofilm. Together with a scrambled peptide used as a negative control, KP was tested against Candida biofilm at different stages of development. A reference strain, two fluconazole-resistant and two fluconazole-susceptible C. albicans clinical isolates were used. KP-induced C. albicans oxidative stress response and membrane permeability were also analysed. Moreover, the effect of KP on transcriptional profiles of C. albicans genes involved in different stages of biofilm development, such as cell adhesion, hyphal development and extracellular matrix production, was evaluated. Our results clearly show that the treatment with KP strongly affected the capacity of C. albicans to form biofilm and significantly impairs preformed mature biofilm. KP treatment resulted in an increase in C. albicans oxidative stress response and membrane permeability; also, biofilm-related genes expression was significantly reduced. Comparable inhibitory effects were observed in all the strains employed, irrespective of their resistance or susceptibility to fluconazole. Finally, KP-mediated inhibitory effects were observed also against a catheter-associated C. albicans biofilm. This study provides the first evidence on the KP effectiveness against C. albicans biofilm, suggesting that KP may be considered as a potential novel tool for treatment and prevention of biofilm-related C. albicans infections.

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“…Thus, biofilm formation is assumed to work as an immune escape mechanism that, in conjunction with reduced susceptibility to antifungal agents, may greatly support the persistence of implantassociated C. albicans infections [6]. Moreover, it has been recently shown that Candida biofilm can act in vitro as a reservoir of infectious viruses [12] further expanding the potential implications of fungal biofilms in clinical settings.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of Candida albicans hyphal wall protein 1 (HWP1) genotype on biofilm production and fungal susceptibility to microglial cells

Orsi

Borghi

Colombari

et al. 2014

Microbial Pathogenesis

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The hyphal wall protein 1 (HWP1) gene of Candida albicans encodes for a fungal cell wall protein, required for hyphal development and yeast adhesion to epithelial cells; yet, its role in pathogenesis remains largely unknown. In the present study, we analyzed two C. albicans laboratory strains, the DAY286 (HWP1/HWP1) and the null mutant FJS24 (hwp1/hwp1) and six clinical isolates [3 harbouring the homozygous HWP1 gene (HWP1/HWP1) and 3 the heterologous gene (HWP1/hwp1)]. Biofilm production, fungal HWP1 mRNA levels and ultrastructural morphology were investigated; also, the susceptibility of these strains to microglial cells was evaluated, in terms of fungal damage and immune cell-mediated secretory response. When comparing the two laboratory strains, biofilm was produced to a similar extent independently on the genetic background, while the susceptibility to microglial cell-mediated damage was higher in the hwp1/hwp1 mutant than in the HWP1/HWP1 counterpart. Also, transmission electron microscopy revealed differences between the two in terms of abundance in surface adhesin-like structures, fungal cell wall shape and intracellular granules. When comparing the clinical isolates grouped according to their HWP1 genotype, reduced biofilm production and increased susceptibility to microglial cell-mediated damage occurred in the HWP1/hwp1 isolates with respect to the HWP1/HWP1 counterparts; furthermore, upon exposure to microglial cells, the HWP1/HWP1 isolates, but not the HWP1/hwp1 counterpart, showed enhanced HWP1 mRNA levels. Finally, both laboratory and clinical isolates exhibited reduced ability to stimulate TNFα and nitric oxide production by microglial cells in the case of heterozygous or null mutant HWP1 genotype. Overall, these data indicate that C. albicans HWP1 genotype influences pathogen morphological structure as well as its interaction with microglial cells, while fungal biofilm production results unaffected, thus arguing on its role as virulence factor that directly affects host mediated defences.

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Human pathogenic viruses are retained in and released by Candida albicans biofilm in vitro

Cited by 24 publications

References 55 publications

Antiviral Activity of Synthetic Peptides Derived from Physiological Proteins

Antiviral Activity of Synthetic Peptides Derived from Physiological Proteins

The synthetic killer peptide KP impairs Candida albicans biofilm in vitro

Impact of Candida albicans hyphal wall protein 1 (HWP1) genotype on biofilm production and fungal susceptibility to microglial cells

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