Human Parvovirus B19

Abstract

Parvovirus B19 (B19) was discovered in 1974 and is the only member of the family Parvoviridae known to be pathogenic in humans. Despite the inability to propagate the virus in cell cultures, much has been learned about the pathophysiology of this virus, including the identification of the cellular receptor (P antigen), and the control of the virus by the immune system. B19 is widespread, and manifestations of infection vary with the immunologic and hematologic status of the host. In healthy immunocompetent individuals B19 is the cause of erythema infectiosum and, particularly in adults, acute symmetric polyarthropathy. Due to the tropism of B19 to erythroid progenitor cells, infection in individuals with an underlying hemolytic disorder causes transient aplastic crisis. In the immunocompromised host persistent B19 infection is manifested as pure red cell aplasia and chronic anemia. Likewise, the immature immune response of the fetus may render it susceptible to infection, leading to fetal death in utero, hydrops fetalis, or development of congenital anemia. B19 has also been suggested as the causative agent in a variety of clinical syndromes, but given the common nature, causality is often difficult to infer. Diagnosis is primarily based on detection of specific antibodies by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay or detection of viral DNA by dot blot hybridization or PCR. Treatment of persistent infection with immunoglobulin reduces the viral load and results in a marked resolution of anemia. Vaccine phase I trials show promising results

Seroprevalence of human parvovirus B19 in healthy blood donors

“…The virus is associated with arthropathies, hepatitis and various other syndromes and diseases. 1 Specific immunoglobulin M (IgM) and IgG antibodies are produced following experimental 2 and natural 3 B19 infection. Infection follows a biphasic clinical course: One week after intranasal inoculation with B19 in healthy adult volunteers, viraemia is detected in seronegative individuals accompanied by a mild illness with pyrexia, malaise, myalgia, itching, and excretion of virus from the respiratory tract.…”

Transient parvovirus‐associated hypoplasia of multiple peripheral blood cell lines in children with chronic hemolytic anemia

“…Patients who have chronic hemolytic anemia, such as HS, classically develop transient red cell aplasia during parvovirus infection (1)(2)(3)(4)(5). In this series of hospitalized patients with aplastic crisis, however, only 23% (4 of 17) had isolated anemia.…”

“…Infection with human parvovirus causes transient erythroblastopenia and reticulocytopenia in the healthy host, but not anemia because of the long lifespan of mature red blood cells [1,2]. However, in patients who have a chronic hemolytic anemia, which shortens red blood cell survival, the erythroblastopenia and reticulocytopenia may result in a dramatic decrease in hemoglobin concentration [3][4][5].…”

A Screening Research of Plasma Blood Donors for Markers Parvovirus Infection

“…Тяжелыми осложнениями парвови-русной инфекции являются апластический криз, транзиторная анемия, парциальная краснокле-точная аплазия костного мозга, фульминант-ный гепатит у иммунокомпрометированных лиц и людей с заболеваниями крови. Тяжелая форма заболевания развивается преимущественно у лиц с первичными иммунодефицитами различной этиологии [5,8,14]. Вирус обладает также терато-генным действием и вызывает водянку плода при трансплацентарной передаче [7].…”

“…Вирус устойчив к стандартным режимам сте-рилизации гемопродуктов [8]. Донация с вирус-ной нагрузкой, равной или превышающей 10 5 копий/мл, при пулировании может привести к заражению 50% реципиентов [9].…”