Human papillomavirus testing in primary cervical screening

Cuzick, Jack; Szarewski, Anne; Terry, George; Hanby, Andrew M.; Maddox, P.; Anderson, M. C.; Steele, S. J.; Guillebaud, John; Kocjean, C.

doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(95)91086-7

Cited by 306 publications

(185 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…Diagnosis of abnormal cervical epithelial cells is usually obtained by Papanicolaou (Pap) smears. Cytology based diagnosis has been found accurate in only 40-80% of high-grade cervical intraepithelial neoplasia and thus, can present a problem in terms of interpretation errors or sampling (Cuzick et al, 1995). The major problem is that abnormal cells are missed during collection or missed on microscopic examination (Cuzick, 2002).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

High-risk Human Papillomavirus Genotype Detection by Electrochemical DNA Chip Method

Chansaenroj

Theamboonlers²,

Chinchai³

et al. 2012

Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention

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According to a cohort study, HPV cumulative incidence rates are associated with younger women, certain ethnic groups and high frequency of alcohol consumption. Forty-three percent of women, who had attended at least one follow-up visit, were HPV negative. The incidence tended to decrease by 20% in the first year, 14% and 9% in the second and third years, respectively. The median duration of HPV infection was 8 months. 70% of women were no longer infected one year after the incident and 9% continued to be infected for two years. The longest median duration of infection was established for HPV 16, 18, 61, 73 and AE7. In developed countries, the highest rates of HPV infection have been observed among 15-25-year old women who might reflect transmission during their first sexual intercourse whereas the infection rate Jira Chansaenroj et al

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

High-risk Human Papillomavirus Genotype Detection by Electrochemical DNA Chip Method

Chansaenroj

Theamboonlers²,

Chinchai³

et al. 2012

Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention

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“…The clinical value of HPV detection for screening for SIL has been shown in several studies (Reid et al, 1991;Cuzick et al, 1995;Schneider et al, 1996). However, the majority of SIL identi®ed in screening programs regress spontaneously and identi®cation of progression markers is mandatory in order to avoid overtreatment.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Identification of novel molecular markers which correlate with HPV-induced tumor progression

et al. 1998

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High risk HPVs (human papillomaviruses) are causally involved in the development of cervical cancer. However, other factors, such as somatic genetic alterations also play a decisive role in malignant conversion of cervical keratinocytes. Mutations and chromosomal aberrations are known to in¯uence the pattern of gene expression. Therefore we used the recently developed RT ± PCR based method of di erential display of mRNAs to detect di erences in gene expression which correlate with tumorigenicity. Non-tumorigenic HPV16-immortalized human foreskin keratinocytes (HPK IA) were compared with their tumorigenic counterparts and 49 di erent genes were identi®ed which were either up-or downregulated. The identi®ed genes encode proteins of the cytoskeleton and the extracellular matrix, the nuclear splicing apparatus, transcription regulators and membrane-associated proteins. The expression pattern of all genes was also examined by RNA ± RNA in situ hybridization in biopsies of normal cervical epithelium, precancerous lesions and cancers. Two genes, C4.8 and C21.7, are of particular interest because their expression is upregulated in a subset of high grade precancerous lesions and in over 58% of cancers. These two genes may therefore be considered as putative progression markers. C4.8 is a new member of the transmembrane 4 (TM-4) protein family which includes tumor-associated antigens such as CD63 and TAPA-1, whereas C21.7 shows no signi®cant homologies to any known genes or proteins.

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“…Moreover, only low-grade SIL (LSIL) containing HR-HPV progress to high-grade SIL (HSIL) (Koutsky et al, 1992). Owing to this, there is an increasing interest in using HPV DNA detection either alone or in addition to classic cytological examination for primary cervical screening (Cuzick et al, 1995(Cuzick et al, , 1999(Cuzick et al, , 2003Meijer et al, 1998;Clavel et al, 1999Clavel et al, , 2001Kuhn et al, 2000;Ratnam et al, 2000;Schiffman et al, 2000;Schneider et al 2000;Kjaer et al, 2002;Petry et al, 2003;Lorincz and Richart, 2003;Sherman et al, 2003). Most authors consider that a positive HPV testing selects a population at high risk for developing an HSIL, while a negative HPV testing has a very good negative predictive value (NPV).…”

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confidence: 99%

Negative human papillomavirus testing in normal smears selects a population at low risk for developing high-grade cervical lesions

et al. 2004

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High-risk human papillomaviruses (HR-HPV) are the necessary cause of cervical carcinomas and there is an increasing interest in using HR-HPV DNA detection in adjunction to cytological examination for primary cervical screening. To determine whether women with a normal smear negative for HR-HPV DNA detection with the Hybrid Capture II assay might represent a low-risk population for developing a high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (HSIL), 4401 women have been followed in a period of 12 -72 months (median ¼ 34 months). During this follow-up, four HSIL and one microinvasive carcinoma have been detected in this cohort (three in the cohort of 3526 women 429 years). The global negative predictive value (NPV) of double-negative tests is thus of 99.9% (ninetyfive percent confidence interval (95% CI): 99.8 -100%), whereas cytology alone gives an NPV of 99.2% (95% CI: 98.9 -99.5%). If we obtain a second negative HR-HPV test 1 -2 years after the initial test, the NPV is 100%. The NPV is also of 100% in the cohort of women 449 years. We conclude that all these women could be safely screened at longer intervals between 3 and 5 years. This policy will offset the increased costs induced by an additional HR-HPV testing in primary screening. It is now well established that oncogenic (high-risk) human papillomaviruses (HPV) are a necessary causal factor in the development of cervical intraepithelial and invasive neoplasias (Lorincz et al, 1992; Bosch et al, 1995;Walboomers et al, 1999;Zur Hausen, 2002). Infections with high-risk HPV (HR-HPV) are associated with a relative risk of between 8 and 11 for the development of squamous intraepithelial lesions (SIL) (Gaarenstroom et al, 1994). Moreover, only low-grade SIL (LSIL) containing HR-HPV progress to high-grade SIL (HSIL) (Koutsky et al, 1992). Owing to this, there is an increasing interest in using HPV DNA detection either alone or in addition to classic cytological examination for primary cervical screening (Cuzick et al, 1995(Cuzick et al, , 1999(Cuzick et al, , 2003Meijer et al, 1998;Clavel et al, 1999Clavel et al, , 2001Kuhn et al, 2000;Ratnam et al, 2000;Schiffman et al, 2000;Schneider et al 2000;Kjaer et al, 2002;Petry et al, 2003;Lorincz and Richart, 2003;Sherman et al, 2003). Most authors consider that a positive HPV testing selects a population at high risk for developing an HSIL, while a negative HPV testing has a very good negative predictive value (NPV). Indeed, considering that the mean time from detectable LSIL to preclinical invasive cancer is 12 -13 years (Gustafson and Adami, 1989), Meijer et al (1998) have proposed that women with cytologically normal smears and a negative HR-HPV test could be rescreened every 8 years.Hybrid Capture-II (HC-II), a commercial HPV detection test, (Digene, Gaithersburg, MD, USA) was introduced 7 years ago (Lorincz, 1996). Hybrid Capture-II is a nonradioactive, reproducible, relatively rapid, liquid hybridisation assay in microtiters designed to detect 18 HPV types divided into high-risk (types 16, 18, 31, 33, 35, 39, 45, 51, ...

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Human papillomavirus testing in primary cervical screening

Cited by 306 publications

References 11 publications

High-risk Human Papillomavirus Genotype Detection by Electrochemical DNA Chip Method

High-risk Human Papillomavirus Genotype Detection by Electrochemical DNA Chip Method

Identification of novel molecular markers which correlate with HPV-induced tumor progression

Negative human papillomavirus testing in normal smears selects a population at low risk for developing high-grade cervical lesions

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