Human Papillomavirus Genotype Distribution among Cervical Cancer Patients prior to Brazilian National HPV Immunization Program

Abstract

To evaluate the impact of HPV immunization and possible changes in virus type-specific prevalence associated with cervical cancer, it is important to obtain baseline information based on socioeconomic, educational, and environmental characteristics in human populations. We describe these characteristics and the type-specific HPV distribution in 1,183 women diagnosed with cervical cancer in two Brazilian healthcare institutions located at the Southeastern (Rio de Janeiro/RJ) and the Amazonian (Belém/PA) regions. Large differences were observed between women in these regions regarding economic, educational, and reproductive characteristics. The eight most frequent HPV types found in tumor samples were the following: 16, 18, 31, 33, 35, 45, 52, and 58. Some HPV types classified as unknown or low risk were found in tumor samples with single infections, HPV 83 in RJ and HPV 11, 61, and 69 in PA. The proportion of squamous cervical cancer was lower in RJ than in PA (76.3% versus 87.3%, p < 0.001). Adenocarcinoma was more frequent in RJ than in PA (13.5% versus 6.9%, p < 0.001). The frequency of HPV 16 in PA was higher in younger women (p < 0.05). The success of a cervical cancer control program should consider HPV types, local health system organization, and sociodemographic diversity of Brazilian regions.

Association of breast cancer with human papillomavirus (HPV) infection in Northeast Brazil: molecular evidence

“…Similarly, a study conducted in Heidelberg, Germany, identified HPV types 6 and 11 as the most frequent genotypes in their study of mammary lesions and invasive breast carcinomas 3 . In a similar way, a study conducted in Rio de Janeiro with cervical cancer patients 25 have found low-risk types in tumour samples. Another study also indicated that women who develop viral warts are at a significantly higher risk of developing BC 26 ; low-risk HPV types are causal agents of genital warts 3 , 7 .…”

HPV73 a nonvaccine type causes cervical cancer

“…The prevalence of HPV73 in cervix cancer varies by DNA testing method and geographic region, for example, 0.5% worldwide to 1.4% in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil . HPV73 has also been detected in 11% of adenosquamous cancers, and a recent report found HPV73 DNA in three out of 10 cervical SCCs that were negative by Hybrid Capture 2 testing .…”

“…Between June 2011 and March 2014, 590 patients were referred to the National Cancer Institute (INCA, Instituto Nacional de Cancer ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, for treatment of CxCa. A total of eight (1.4%) women had HPV73‐positive CxCa specimens detected by PCR and Sanger sequencing as previously reported and were designated SA162–SA169 . All subjects gave informed consent and completed an epidemiological questionnaire.…”

“…A total of eight (1.4%) women had HPV73-positive CxCa specimens detected by PCR and Sanger sequencing as previously reported and were designated SA162-SA169. 7 All subjects gave informed consent and completed an epidemiological questionnaire. Our study was approved by the institutional ethics committee (CAAE: 53398416.0.0000.5274).…”

HPV DNA methylation at the early promoter and E1/E2 integrity: A comparison between HPV16, HPV18 and HPV45 in cervical cancer

“…The study material consisted of 137 CC samples selected from a previously reported pool of 590 biopsies of invasive cervical cancer [27] , 70 associated with HPV16, 37 with HPV18 and 30 with HPV45. Samples were collected at diagnosis from patients treated at the Instituto Nacional de Câncer (INCA - Rio de Janeiro, Brazil) referred for treatment between June 2011 and March 2014.…”