Human Papilloma Virus Prevalence in Hyperplastic Tonsils and Adenoids in Children and Young Adults

Abstract

A AB BS S T TR RA AC CT T O Ob bj je ec ct ti iv ve e: : Our aim was to determine HPV prevalence and genotypes in nontumoral tonsillar and/or adenoid tissue in young adults to open a discussion about the rationale of HPV detection in tonsil and adenoid tissues because of the cancer development risk. M Ma at te er ri ia al l a an nd d M Me et th h--o od ds s: : Archived resection materials of 258 patients treated between 2003 and 2007 were retrieved for HPV detection and typing. Sections of formalin-fixed, paraffin-blocked tissue samples of each resected material were used as the DNA source. Six patients were excluded because of the inadequate quality of the extracted DNA. The age range of the remaining 252 patients was between 5 and 21 years (11.94 ± 4.20). After PCR screening, four different sets of primers covering 18 HPV types were used for HPV genotyping by multiplex polymerase chain reaction (MPCR). R Re es su ul lt ts s: : Sixteen of the 252 surgical samples, namely nine of 114 tonsillectomies (7.9%), four of 87 adenoidectomies (4.6%), and 3 of 51 adenotonsillectomy tissues (5.9%) were found to contain the HPV genome (6.3%). Genotypes revealed that HPV-16 was the dominant genotype, found in 11 cases, followed by HPV-6/11 in four cases, and HPV-31 in one case. C Co on nc cl lu us si io on n: : The prevalence of HPV in children and young adults that suffered from upper airway obstruction due to nontumoral tonsil and/or adenoid overgrowth was found to be 6.3% in our study. This study reveals the need for further molecular assists for HPV under the light of 6.3 % of detected HPV prevalence and the high risk HPV type 16 predominance. Since the oncogenic risk, we strongly suggest evaluation of HPV in tonsillectomy and adenoidectomy material similar to oropharyngeal squamous etithelium. K Ke ey y W Wo or rd ds s: : Human papillomavirus 16; tonsillectomy; adenoids Ö ÖZ ZE ET T A Am ma aç ç: : Amacımız, genç erişkinlerde tümöral olmayan tonsil ve adenoid dokusunda kanser gelişme riskinden dolayı human papilloma virüs (HPV) taranmasının mantığına açıklık getirmek için tümöral olmayan tonsil ve adenoid dokusunda HPV sıklığı ve genotipini saptamaktır. G Ge er re eç ç v ve e Y Yö ön nt te em ml le er r: : 2003-2007 yılları arasında tedavi olmuş 258 hastanın arşiv materyallerinde HPV taraması ve tiplendirilmesi yapıldı. DNA kaynağı olarak, her bir rezeksiyon materyalinin formalinde fikse, parafin bloklu doku örnek kesitleri kullanıldı. Ekstrakte edilen DNA kalitesinin yeterli olmayışı nedeniyle altı hasta çalışma dışı bırakıldı. Kalan 252 hasta 5-21 (11.94 ± 4.20) yaşları arasındaydı. Tarama polimeraz zincir reaksiyon (PCR)'larından sonra, 18 HPV tipini kapsayan dört farklı primer seti kullanılarak multiplex polymerase chain reaction (MPCR) ile HPV genotiplemesi yapıldı. B Bu ul lg gu ul la ar r: : Yüz ön dört tonsillektominin dokuzu (%7.9), 87 adenoidektominin dördü (%4.6) ve 51 adenotonsillektominin üçü (%5.9) olmak üzere toplam 252 cerrahi örneğin 16'sında (%6.3) HPV genomu varlığı tespit edildi. En sık olarak 11 olg...

The prevalence of human papillomavirus in pediatric tonsils: A systematic review of the literature

“…2 . The HPV subtypes that were detected varied: subtype 6 (two studies) [ 14 , 17 ], 11 (three studies) [ 14 , 17 , 18 ], 16 (four studies) [ 17 , 19 – 21 ], and 31 (one study) [ 17 ]. There was variability in testing methods and HPV subtypes tested, with the majority of studies using conventional PCR with broad-spectrum probes (8/11 studies, 72%), with four studies following up this initial screen with type-specific probes.…”

Genotype Distribution and Prevalence of Human Papillomavirus in Head and Neck Cancer Samples from Istanbul, Turkey

“…In a study investigating the frequency of HPV in tonsil tumor-free tissues in children and young adults, the prevalence was detected to be at about 6.3%, indicating that HPV can settle in the mouth at a very early age [39]. Considering that Turkey has a young population who, in general, practices oral sex [40], HPV vaccines known to reduce oral HPV prevalence may represent the most effective tool for the prevention of HPV-induced HNSCC.…”

“…Anyplex™ II HPV28 kit was performed according to manufacturer's instructions (Seegene, Seoul, Korea), using 5 µL DNA in each of the two 20 µL reaction mixtures with primer sets A or B, respectively [41]. The Anyplex™ II HPV28 kit semi-quantitatively distinguishes 28 HPV genotypes (namely types 6,11,16,18,26,31,33,35,39,40,[42][43][44][45], 51-54, 56-59, 61, 66, 68-70, 73 and 82) in two reactions that can be resolved on the CFX96 real-time PCR device (Bio-Rad, Hercules, CA, USA) simultaneously, thus allowing the identification of the vast majority of clinically relevant HPV types. Cycling conditions encompassed an incubation period of 4 min at 50 • C (to activate the uracil DNA glycosylase in order to prevent contamination), denaturation for 15 min at 95 • C, followed by 50 cycles /30 s at 95 • C, 1 min at 60 • C and 30 s at 72 • C. The fluorescence levels were constantly measured as the temperature increased.…”