Human milk proteomics and lipidomics and human milk microbiome

Yue, Xiqing; Chen, L.J.; Wang, C.N.; Cao, Xiaohong; Guo, Mengjing

doi:10.1016/b978-0-08-102898-8.00004-0

Cited by 2 publications

(2 citation statements)

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“…The human milk proteome is composed not only of proteins but also of endogenous peptides [15]. Proteins in human milk are related to many biological processes, including assistance in nutrient uptake [17], immune function and playing extensive roles in cellular processes and defense mechanisms in infants [18]. Moreover, some bioactivities are only exerted when protein fragments are released as bioactive peptides following enzymatic digestion by a variety of proteases either present in the milk or secreted by the infant's gastrointestinal tract [19].…”

Section: The Uniqueness Of the Preterm Human Milk Proteomementioning

confidence: 99%

“…The functionality of these changing human milk proteins also vary over lactation. Mature milk was reported to have a more abundant expression of whey proteins related to the generation of precursor metabolites and energy, metabolism, and catalytic activity, compared with late milk collected at 3 months [18]. Another study showed that colostrum was related to muscle formation, organ development, and energy metabolism; transitional milk was related to energy metabolism supporting development, and mature milk was involved in lipid formation and transport [24].…”

Section: The Uniqueness Of the Preterm Human Milk Proteomementioning

confidence: 99%

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Preterm birth and human milk proteome: are we ready for individualized fortification?

Zhu

Liu

Xing

2022

Current Opinion in Clinical Nutrition &Amp; Metabolic Care

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Purpose of reviewPreterm birth is one of the most pressing clinical problems in obstetrics and neonatology worldwide. One of the most sophisticated components of human milk is the proteome and a better understanding of it can lead to precision guides for feeding preterm infants. In this review, we will examine recent research focused on the human milk proteome and individualized protein fortification of human milk. Recent findingsIn both preterm and term birth, the protein content in mother's own milk dropped rapidly in the early postnatal period. Preterm milk had a higher protein content and contained different protein and endogenous peptide compositions compared with term milk. The peptides in gastrointestinal fluids of preterm infants still need further investigation. Individualized fortification is more superior to standard fortification, but it only focuses on the total protein amount. There is no data concerning the composition and posttranslational modifications of proteins and endogenous peptides with fortification and their longterm effects. SummaryComprehensive identification and characterization of the human milk proteome have led to the targeted breast milk fortification theory of preterm infant feeding and has also been enriched by clinical trials. However, to achieve fortification of key proteins and/or endogenous peptides, as standard clinical practice, requires additional studies. Future research should explore the long-term effect of protein fortification and pay more attention to quality rather than quantity in relation to infant body composition and growth outcomes.

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