Human milk oligosaccharides are associated with protection against diarrhea in breast-fed infants

The Human Milk Oligosaccharide 2′-Fucosyllactose Quenches Campylobacter jejuni–Induced Inflammation in Human Epithelial Cells HEp-2 and HT-29 and in Mouse Intestinal Mucosa

“…Fucose binding is a critical determinant of C. jejuni pathogenesis and is strongly inhibited by HMOSs and by 2#-fucosyllactose (2#-FL), a major constituent of the HMOSs (10). The ability of 2#-FL to inhibit C. jejuni binding is consistent with the inverse relation between concentrations of 2-linked fucosyl oligosaccharides in milk consumed by infants and the risk of C. jejuni-caused moderate-tosevere diarrhea in a prospective study in breastfeeding motherinfant dyads (16,17). Prebiotic activity of oligosaccharides also may be protective (18,19); these indigestible glycans provide a carbon source for mutualistic bacteria that promote the colonization of the gut by a protective community of microbes.…”

Bacterial Agents Associated With Acute Diarrhoea In Under-5 Children In Enugu, Nigeria.

“…4 Breastfeeding provides significant protection against diarrhoea in infancy. 5 Malnutrition predisposes to high transmission of diarrhoea. 6 Bacterial pathogens are important causes of diarrhoea in children, particularly in developing countries where standards of personal and community hygiene are low.…”

Biome engineering‐2020

“…This seemingly wasteful biosynthesis represents a paradox. In one hypothesis, HMOs serve as receptor decoys for gut pathogens (Morrow et al ., 2004). An alternative hypothesis considers HMO as nutrients for commensal gut microbes.…”