Human milk for preterm infants: why, what, when and how?: Table 1

Menon, Gopi; Williams, Thomas C

doi:10.1136/archdischild-2012-303582

Cited by 74 publications

(56 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…48,49 However, preterm infants are born with inadequate stores of more nutrients than term infants and experience rapid catch-up growth, which further increases their nutrient requirements. Factors present in MFGM might, therefore, be needed in higher concentrations for premature infants than what is delivered by breast milk and MFGM fortification of breast milk to premature infants could theoretically improve outcomes in areas beyond the currently recognized benefits of breastfeeding.…”

Section: Preterm Infantsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Clinical Benefits of Milk Fat Globule Membranes for Infants and Children

Hernell

Timby

Domellöf

et al. 2016

The Journal of Pediatrics

146

105

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The milk fat globule membrane (MFGM) in breast milk contains many bioactive components. Infant formulas traditionally have been devoid of the MFGM fraction, but dairy technology now has made the addition of bovine MFGM technically feasible. We identified 6 double-blinded randomized controlled trials exploring the effects of MFGM supplementation on the diets of infants or children. Results suggest that supplementation is safe and indicate positive effects on both neurodevelopment and defense against infections. MFGM supplementation of infant formula may narrow the gap in cognitive performance and infection rates between breastfed and formula-fed infants. Because of the small number of studies and the heterogeneity of interventions, more high-quality double-blinded randomized controlled trials are needed, with well characterized and clearly defined MFGM fractions, before firm conclusions on the effects of MFGM supplementation on the health and development of infants can be drawn.

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Section: Preterm Infantsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Clinical Benefits of Milk Fat Globule Membranes for Infants and Children

Hernell

Timby

Domellöf

et al. 2016

The Journal of Pediatrics

146

105

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“…이 있다고 알려져 있다 [1][2][3] . 미숙아에서 발생하는 괴사성 장염의 다 양한 병리학적 기전에 대하여, 오직 모유만이 개선 효과가 있다는 근거를 배경으로 괴사성 장염 예방에 가장 효과적이고 안전한 예 방적 수단으로 제시되고 있다 4,5) .…”

Section: 시키며 장점막의 성숙과 재생에 필요한 성장인자를 함유하고 있 을 뿐 아니라 아기의 면역력 개선과 장기적인 unclassified

Clinical Findings According to Feeding Diets in Very Low Birth Weight Infants: Human Breast Milk versus Bovine Milk-Based Formula

et al. 2016

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Purpose: We aimed to compare the clinical findings, including morbidity, duration of parenteral nutrition, and length of hospital stay between very low birth weight infants (VLBWIs) fed bovine milk-based formula (BOV) and VLBWIs fed human breast milk (HBM) in a neonatal intensive care unit (NICU). Methods: VLBWIs admitted to the NICU of Dongsan Medical Center, Keimyung University, were enrolled. Infants born from March to August 2014 (n=28) were fed BOV (the BOV group), and those born from September to December 2014 (n=18) were fed HBM (the HBM group). Pasteurized (heating at 62.5˚C for 30 minutes) donor human milk was used if the mother's own milk was not available because of insufficient breast milk production. Results: The gestational age (28.0±1.7 weeks vs. 27.8±1.4 weeks) and birth weight (1,055±265 g vs. 1,175±187 g), of the infants in the BOV and HBM, groups were similar. In addition, perinatal characteristics were similar between the groups. The dura tion of parenteral nutrition (36.4 days vs. 24.1 days, P=0.038), length of hospital stay (74.3 days vs.61.1 days, P=0.037), and incidence of nosocomial sepsis (53.6% vs. 22.2%, P= 0.035), significantly differed between the BOV and HBM groups. Further more, the frequency of feeding intolerance was higher in the BOV group than in the HBM group, but this difference was not significant. Perinatal cytomegalovirus infec tion was not detected in any of the infants fed pasteurized donor human milk. Conclusion: Human-breast-milk-based diet for VLBWIs significantly reduces the inci dence of nosocomial sepsis, duration of parenteral nutrition, and length of hospital stay.

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“…Baby's own mother's milk appears to confer major benefits in terms of prevention of NEC, sepsis and feeding intolerance [58]. However, neither baby's own mother's milk nor donor milk have all the nutrients required for optimal growth and development, and fortification is suggested for many of the smallest infants [59].…”

Section: Preventative Measuresmentioning

confidence: 99%

Necrotizing Enterocolitis: The Mystery Goes On

Neu

2014

Neonatology

119

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Necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) has largely been present in neonatal intensive care units for the past 60 years. NEC prevalence has corresponded with the continued development and sophistication of neonatal intensive care. Despite major efforts towards its eradication, NEC has persisted and appears to be increasing in some centers. The pathophysiology of this disease remains poorly understood. Several issues have hampered our quest to develop a better understanding of this disease. These include the fact that what we have historically termed ‘NEC' appears to be several different diseases. Animal models that are commonly used to study NEC pathophysiology and treatment do not directly reflect the most common form of the disease seen in human infants. The pathophysiology appears to be multifactorial, reflecting several different pathways to intestinal necrosis with different inciting factors. Spontaneous intestinal perforations, ischemic bowel disease secondary to cardiac anomalies as well as other entities that are clearly different from the most common form of NEC seen in preterm infants have been put into the same database. Here I describe some of the different forms of what has been called NEC and make some comments on its pathophysiology, where available studies suggest involvement of genetic factors, intestinal immaturity, hemodynamic instability, inflammation and a dysbiotic microbial ecology. Currently utilized approaches for the diagnosis of NEC are presented and innovative technologies for the development of diagnostic and predictive biomarkers are described. Predictions for future strategies are also discussed.

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Human milk for preterm infants: why, what, when and how?: Table 1

Cited by 74 publications

References 34 publications

Clinical Benefits of Milk Fat Globule Membranes for Infants and Children

Clinical Benefits of Milk Fat Globule Membranes for Infants and Children

Clinical Findings According to Feeding Diets in Very Low Birth Weight Infants: Human Breast Milk versus Bovine Milk-Based Formula

Necrotizing Enterocolitis: The Mystery Goes On

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