Human milk and the premature infant

Purpose: We aimed to compare the clinical findings, including morbidity, duration of parenteral nutrition, and length of hospital stay between very low birth weight infants (VLBWIs) fed bovine milk-based formula (BOV) and VLBWIs fed human breast milk (HBM) in a neonatal intensive care unit (NICU). Methods: VLBWIs admitted to the NICU of Dongsan Medical Center, Keimyung University, were enrolled. Infants born from March to August 2014 (n=28) were fed BOV (the BOV group), and those born from September to December 2014 (n=18) were fed HBM (the HBM group). Pasteurized (heating at 62.5˚C for 30 minutes) donor human milk was used if the mother's own milk was not available because of insufficient breast milk production. Results: The gestational age (28.0±1.7 weeks vs. 27.8±1.4 weeks) and birth weight (1,055±265 g vs. 1,175±187 g), of the infants in the BOV and HBM, groups were similar. In addition, perinatal characteristics were similar between the groups. The dura tion of parenteral nutrition (36.4 days vs. 24.1 days, P=0.038), length of hospital stay (74.3 days vs.61.1 days, P=0.037), and incidence of nosocomial sepsis (53.6% vs. 22.2%, P= 0.035), significantly differed between the BOV and HBM groups. Further more, the frequency of feeding intolerance was higher in the BOV group than in the HBM group, but this difference was not significant. Perinatal cytomegalovirus infec tion was not detected in any of the infants fed pasteurized donor human milk. Conclusion: Human-breast-milk-based diet for VLBWIs significantly reduces the inci dence of nosocomial sepsis, duration of parenteral nutrition, and length of hospital stay.

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Section: 시키며 장점막의 성숙과 재생에 필요한 성장인자를 함유하고 있 을 뿐 아니라 아기의 면역력 개선과 장기적인 unclassified

Clinical Findings According to Feeding Diets in Very Low Birth Weight Infants: Human Breast Milk versus Bovine Milk-Based Formula

et al. 2016

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“…Human milk is the optimal food for both term and preterm newborns , but on its own, it does not contain a sufficient quantity of nutrients to satisfy the requirements of premature infants. Human milk fortifiers (HMF) have been developed to overcome those deficiencies and to enrich human milk with protein, energy, vitamins and micronutrients.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Experimental study showed that adding fortifier and extra‐hydrolysed proteins to preterm infant mothers' milk increased osmolality

et al. 2016

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“…Human milk (HM) is the preferred feeding for human infants, including those born preterm [1][2][3][4][5][6]. While the milk from a woman delivering very prematurely has some nutritional limitations [7][8][9][10], the immunological and many other benefits of human milk, are very important for the overall health of the infant [11][12][13][14].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Individualizing fortification of human milk using real time human milk analysis

Radmacher

Lewis

Adamkin

2013

Journal of Neonatal-Perinatal Medicine

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OBJECTIVE: To use real-time human milk macronutrient analysis to calculate final composition following fortification. STUDY DESIGN: Preterm HM (PHM) and pooled donor human milks (DHM) were analyzed by mid-infrared spectroscopy for protein, fat and lactose. Energy content was calculated from macronutrient results. Three lactation stages were constructed. DHM was compared to PHM. Four milk sample profiles were selected to demonstrate individualized fortification results. RESULTS: Lactose was similar in PHM and DHM. Protein in PHM showed the expected decline as lactation progressed. DHM protein was significantly lower vs. PHM. Fat was highly variable and lowest in DHM. Using standard fortification protocols, not all fortified milks met targets for protein and energy. Individualized fortification resulted in milks closer to target recommendations. CONCLUSIONS: Real-time analysis of HM provides assessment of the macronutrient content of the milk and can guide fortification. Individualized protocols, based on actual milk macronutrient profiles, may need to be considered to avoid unexpected nutrient content.

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Human milk and the premature infant

Cited by 19 publications

References 31 publications

Clinical Findings According to Feeding Diets in Very Low Birth Weight Infants: Human Breast Milk versus Bovine Milk-Based Formula

Clinical Findings According to Feeding Diets in Very Low Birth Weight Infants: Human Breast Milk versus Bovine Milk-Based Formula

Experimental study showed that adding fortifier and extra‐hydrolysed proteins to preterm infant mothers' milk increased osmolality

Individualizing fortification of human milk using real time human milk analysis

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