“…Therefore, the smartness, safety, and efficiency of interactions and collaborations between humans and agents should continue to improve [ 4 , 5 , 6 , 7 , 8 , 9 ]. In particular, autonomous driving technology could allow humans to share control with intelligent vehicles [ 10 , 11 , 12 , 13 , 14 , 15 ]. A well-designed co-pilot system requires the vehicle to understand the behavior and state of the driver [ 16 , 17 , 18 , 19 , 20 , 21 ].…”