Human keratinocyte cultures in an in vitro approach for the assessment of surfactant-induced irritation

Ward, R.K.; Hubbard, Aaron; Sulley, H.; Garle, Michael J.; Clothier, Richard H.

doi:10.1016/s0887-2333(97)00098-2

Cited by 31 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…In general, these stimuli can trigger formation of different inflammatory mediators in the skin, which then lead to skin irritation (redness, swelling). For example, keratinocytes release interleukin‐1 α after application of irritants in vitro [9]. Keratinocytes challenged with several different surfactants were found to release the prostaglandin PGE 2 [10].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fragrance raw materials and essential oils can reduce prostaglandin E₂ formation in keratinocytes and reconstituted human epidermis

Natsch

Wasescha

2007

Intern J of Cosmetic Sci

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Essential oils and certain perfumery raw materials exhibit a wide range of beneficial biological activities. Besides the antimicrobial and antioxidant activity, the anti-inflammatory and anti-irritant effects are most often cited. One specific mode of action is the reduction of the formation of the key mediator prostaglandin E(2) (PGE(2)). To study this activity in detail and to create cosmetically useful fragrances with the potential to reduce a key marker of skin irritancy in keratinocytes, an initial screening with pig blood platelets was conducted on 900 perfumery raw materials. Active compounds were then validated in a human keratinocyte cell line. Compounds which successfully reduced PGE(2) formation in this assay were used for the creation of active fragrances. These final fragrances reduced PGE(2) formation by >80% when dosed at 0.8 mug mL(-1) to keratinocytes. Application of such a fragrance in a hydrogel allowed reduction of UVB-induced PGE(2) formation in reconstituted epidermis (MatTec EpiDerm(TM)). Similarly, antiperspirant-induced formation of PGE(2) in reconstituted epidermis was reduced to background levels if these novel fragrances were used in the antiperspirant formulation. In conclusion, fragrances with this added cosmetic benefit can be created based on a database from a comprehensive screening. These fragrances may find use as a part of a formulation strategy optimizing each part of a cosmetic formulation for optimal product mildness.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fragrance raw materials and essential oils can reduce prostaglandin E₂ formation in keratinocytes and reconstituted human epidermis

Natsch

Wasescha

2007

Intern J of Cosmetic Sci

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“…Because of the increasing appreciation of the complex and dynamic regulatory role played by these cells in terms of the inflammatory responses to irritants and sensitizers, we chose to use both 3T6 and NCTC 2544 cells as model cell systems: the use of keratinocyte and fibroblast cultures offering an appropriate in vitro model for skin irritation (10)(11)(12).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessment of the Potential Skin Irritation of Lysine-Derivative Anionic Surfactants Using Mouse Fibroblasts and Human Keratinocytes as An Alternative to Animal Testing

et al. 2004

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Purpose. The aim of this study was to identify new surfactants with low skin irritant properties for use in pharmaceutical and cosmetic formulations, employing cell culture as an alternative method to in vivo testing. In addition, we sought to establish whether potential cytotoxic properties were related to the size of the counterions bound to the surfactants.Methods. Cytotoxicity was assessed in the mouse fibroblast cell line 3T6, and the human keratinocyte cell line NCTC 2544, using the MTT assay and uptake of the vital dye neutral red 24 h after dosing (NRU).Results. Lysine-derivative surfactants showed higher IC 50 s than did commercial anionic irritant compounds such as sodium dodecyl sulphate, proving to be no more harmful than amphoteric betaines. The aggressiveness of the surfactants depended upon the size of their constituent counterions: surfactants associated with lighter counterions showed a proportionally higher aggressivity than those with heavier ones.Conclusions Synthetic lysine-derivative anionic surfactants are less irritant than commercial surfactants such as sodium dodecyl sulphate and Hexadecyltrimethylammonium bromide and are similar to Betaines. These surfactants may offer promising applications in pharmaceutical and cosmetic preparations, representing a potential alternative to commercial anionic surfactants as a result of their low irritancy potential.

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“…Testskin (Osborne and Perkins 1994), EpiDerm™ (Perkins et al 1999;Robinson et al 1999;Faller et al 2002), and EPISKIN (Faller et al 2002). Additionally, normal human epidermal keratinocytes (NHEK) (Korting et al 1994;Osborne and Perkins 1994;Ward et al 1998;Coquette et al 1999;Lee et al 2000), human epidermal equivalent (HEE) (Ward et al 1998), and reconstituted human epidermis (RHE) (Heylings et al 2001) have also been evaluated.…”

Section: History Of Alternative Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessment of skin absorption and irritation potential of arachidonic acid and glyceryl arachidonate using in vitro diffusion cell techniques

Eppler¹,

Kraeling²,

Wickett³

et al. 2007

Food and Chemical Toxicology

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Arachidonic acid (AA), a precursor of pro-inflammatory mediators, and its glycerin ester, glyceryl arachidonate (GA), are reportedly used in cosmetic products. In vitro skin penetration of AA and GA and GA's ester hydrolysis was determined in flow-through diffusion cells. AA penetration with human and rat skin was 19.5% and 52.3% of the applied dose respectively, a substantial amount of which remained in the skin at 24h. Similar penetration results were obtained with GA in human skin. However, GA penetration through cultured skin (EpiDerm) was 51% of the applied dose, almost all of which appeared in the receptor fluid. At least 27.8% of GA penetrating skin was hydrolyzed to AA. In vitro methods were used to assess skin irritation in diffusion cells. Skin irritation of AA, sodium lauryl sulfate (SLS), and Tween 80 was determined by changes in transepidermal water loss (TEWL), skin viability (3-(4,5-dimethylthiaxol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide, MTT, formation), and cytokine release (IL-1alpha). SLS irritation was much less pronounced in an emulsion versus an aqueous vehicle. No significant irritation was observed in vitro from AA in an emulsion. This work predicts that AA would penetrate human skin in vivo and that it could be formed in skin from topically applied GA.

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Human keratinocyte cultures in an in vitro approach for the assessment of surfactant-induced irritation

Cited by 31 publications

References 36 publications

Fragrance raw materials and essential oils can reduce prostaglandin E₂ formation in keratinocytes and reconstituted human epidermis

Fragrance raw materials and essential oils can reduce prostaglandin E₂ formation in keratinocytes and reconstituted human epidermis

Assessment of the Potential Skin Irritation of Lysine-Derivative Anionic Surfactants Using Mouse Fibroblasts and Human Keratinocytes as An Alternative to Animal Testing

Assessment of skin absorption and irritation potential of arachidonic acid and glyceryl arachidonate using in vitro diffusion cell techniques

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Human keratinocyte cultures in an in vitro approach for the assessment of surfactant-induced irritation

Cited by 31 publications

References 36 publications

Fragrance raw materials and essential oils can reduce prostaglandin E2 formation in keratinocytes and reconstituted human epidermis

Fragrance raw materials and essential oils can reduce prostaglandin E2 formation in keratinocytes and reconstituted human epidermis

Assessment of the Potential Skin Irritation of Lysine-Derivative Anionic Surfactants Using Mouse Fibroblasts and Human Keratinocytes as An Alternative to Animal Testing

Assessment of skin absorption and irritation potential of arachidonic acid and glyceryl arachidonate using in vitro diffusion cell techniques

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Fragrance raw materials and essential oils can reduce prostaglandin E₂ formation in keratinocytes and reconstituted human epidermis

Fragrance raw materials and essential oils can reduce prostaglandin E₂ formation in keratinocytes and reconstituted human epidermis