Human intestinal spirochetosis in Japan; its incidence, clinicopathologic features, and genotypic identification

Tanahashi, Jin; Daa, Tsutomu; Gamachi, Ayako; Kashima, Kenji; Kondoh, Yoshiyuki; Yada, Naomi; Yokoyama, Shigeo

doi:10.1038/modpathol.3800987

Cited by 86 publications

(78 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…In this study, all specimens were examined for presence of HIS by using both HE staining and immunostaining, which detected HIS infection in a greater proportion of control specimens than was possible in an earlier Japanese report [9] and allowed detection of control specimens associated with a "fringe" formation along the colonic brush border, which may not be characterized as such by HE staining alone. However, our study has several limitations.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…All histologic specimens were examined for presence of HIS by HE staining and immunostaining with anti-Treponema pallidum (TP) antibody which is reported to present a cross reaction with the Brachyspira species (AbD Serotec, UK) [9]. Specimens were judged to be HIS-positive if the colonic brush border was found HIS-positive after immunostaining ( Figure 3A) and if the spirochetes were found to be present in the surface or crypt mucus ( Figure 3B).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Human intestinal spirochetosis is significantly associated with sessile serrated adenomas/polyps

Omori

Mabe

Hatanaka

et al. 2014

Pathology - Research and Practice

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Aims: It remains unclear whether or not human intestinal spirochetosis (HIS) has any associated symptoms or lesions. In this study, we assessed the prevalence of HIS in sessile serrated adenomas/polyps (SSA/Ps) and their possible association.Methods: Following identification of early cecal cancer with SSA/P accompanied by a colonization of HIS, we went on to conduct a retrospective, case-control study, using endoscopically resected SSA/P specimens to examine the frequency of HIS infection in SSA/Ps.Results: Nineteen SSA/P cases and 172 controls were obtained. The rate of HIS infection was significantly higher at 52.6% (10/19) in the SSA/P cases compared to the controls at 8.1% (14/172). Conclusions:Our SSA/P series were associated with a remarkably higher rate of HIS than controls or than previously reported. This is the first report to provide evidence for potential association between HIS and SSA/Ps.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Human intestinal spirochetosis is significantly associated with sessile serrated adenomas/polyps

Omori

Mabe

Hatanaka

et al. 2014

Pathology - Research and Practice

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“…Sections were then treated with primary antibodies. immunostaining was performed by the avidin-biotin-peroxidase complex technique using a Histofine SAB-PO (Multi) kit (Nichirei Co., Tokyo, Japan) and diaminobenzidine for the visualization of the binding antibodies (14). the following primary antibodies were used: EgFr (clone EgFr113, 1:100; lab Vision inc., Fremont, ca, uSa) (15); p53 (clone dO-7, 1:50; dakocytomation, glostrup, denmark); p21 (clone Sx118, 1:40; dakocytomation); Ki-67 (clone miB-1, 1:50; dakocytomation); Bcl-1 (clone Sp4; nichirei co.) (16); Bcl-2 (clone 124, 1:40; dakocytomation); apaF-1 (ncl-apaF-1, 1:20; novocastra, newcastle, uK) (17); VEgF (VEgF a-20, 1:100; Santa cruz Biotechnology, Santa cruz, ca, uSa) (18); miF (Fl-115, 1:200; Santa cruz Biotechnology) (13); cd133 (ab19898, 1:200; abcam, tokyo, Japan) (19); and cd24 (clone Sn3b, 1:100; lab Vision inc.) (20).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cancer stem cell-related factors are associated with the efficacy of pre-operative chemoradiotherapy for locally advanced rectal cancer

Hiroishi¹,

Ito

Kashima

et al. 2011

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine

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Abstract. pre-operative chemoradiotherapy (crt) is an important neoadjuvant therapy for locally advanced rectal cancer. in the present study, we investigated the factors that influence the efficacy of pre-operative CRT in locally advanced rectal cancer. We divided 50 patients with locally advanced rectal carcinoma treated with pre-operative crt into two groups according to the grade of tumor response to pre-operative crt: low-sensitivity group and high-sensitivity group. as candidates for the prediction of sensitivity to preoperative crt, clinicopathological factors and 12 biomarkers, including factors related to tumor growth, cell cycle, apoptosis, tumor stroma and cancer stem cells, were examined immunohistochemically in 48 resected specimens. thirty-one tumors showed high sensitivity and 19 showed low sensitivity to pre-operative crt. the status of stem cell-related factors, CD133 and CD24, was significantly associated respectively with sensitivity to pre-operative crt (p=0.003, p=0.029). in 10 tumors positive for both cd133 and cd24, low sensitivity to crt was found in 9 (90%), whereas in 16 tumors negative for both cd133 and cd24, low sensitivity was found in 3 (19%). Other pathological parameters were not associated with tumor response to pre-operative crt. in conclusion, overexpression of cancer stem cell-related factors, cd133 and cd24, is associated with the sensitivity of locally advanced rectal cancer to pre-operative crt.Introduction colorectal cancer is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in developed countries (1). in Japan, an increasingly Westernized diet has led to a high incidence of colorectal cancer. patients with rectal cancers are known to have an increased rate of local recurrence and decreased survival time compared to patients with tumors of the colon, a result due primarily to the surgical constraints imposed by the location of the rectum within the pelvis (2).pre-operative chemoradiotherapy (crt) is a neoadjuvant therapy for locally advanced rectal cancer that reduces the incidence of local recurrence and improves survival (3). therefore, crt is widely used in many countries of the world. however, several tumors show a marked response to crt, whereas others do not. Furthermore, several adverse events related to crt, such as enteritis, anorexia, cardiac/ thromboembolic events, radiation dermatitis and hematologic toxicity, were reported to occur at frequencies of 6-43% (4). thus, pre-operative indicators of chemoradiosensitivity are required to avoid unnecessary application of pre-operative crt, yet little is known about potential biological markers that may be associated with response to pre-operative crt.recently, the discovery of rare subpopulations of cancer stem cells has created a new focus in cancer research. the heterogeneity of tumors can be explained by the concept of cancer stem cells supported by anti-apoptotic signaling. there are a few reports on cancer stem cells related to chemoradiation resistance (5,6). therefore, in this study we investigated the factors, inclu...

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“…No statistically significant association (P Ͻ 0.05) was found regarding the presence of Brachyspira species in cases and controls or regarding age, gender, age, coinfections, urbanization, seasons, year of study, or duration of symptoms. Other studies investigating the presence of Brachyspira species in Western societies used microscopy of colon biopsy specimens taken for various reasons and reported a prevalence between 0.0% and 2.5% (8,(19)(20)(21)(22), but those studies did not include a control group or used samples taken for other suspected pathologies as controls. In a culture-based study, 1,018 fecal samples from patients with diarrhea and 509 samples taken for screening purposes were analyzed, and spirochetes resembling B. pilosicoli were detected in 8 (0.8%) patients and in 15 (2.9%) of the screening samples (23).…”

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confidence: 99%

Brachyspira Species and Gastroenteritis in Humans

Westerman

Boer²,

Roelfsema

et al. 2013

J Clin Microbiol

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e Brachyspira species have been implicated as a potential cause of gastroenteritis in humans; this is, however, controversial. In 733 gastroenteritis cases and 464 controls, we found 29 samples positive for Brachyspira species (2.3% of cases and 2.6% of controls; P ‫؍‬ 0.77). Brachyspira species were not associated with gastroenteritis in humans.H uman intestinal spirochetosis (HIS) is caused by spirochetes from the genus Brachyspira (1) and is histologically characterized by the apical attachment of these bacteria to the mucosa of the colon (2). Three Brachyspira species have been reported to colonize humans: Brachyspira aalborgi, Brachyspira pilosicoli, and the provisionally named "Brachyspira hominis" (3-7). Although it is unclear whether HIS is associated with clinical symptoms, there is evidence suggesting an association between B. pilosicoli and diarrhea in humans (3,(8)(9)(10)(11). However, due to the obligate anaerobic culture requirements for these bacteria, most studies on HIS are based on histopathology without species differentiation, as histopathology requires additional techniques to differentiate between species (3, 12). As a result, the clinical significance of HIS has remained controversial for decades (1,(13)(14)(15)(16). Several studies have investigated the prevalence of Brachyspira species in patients with diarrhea, and various incidences have been reported, depending on the investigated population (high-versus low-income countries) and techniques used (culture versus histopathology). In this study, we investigated the prevalence of Brachyspira species in Dutch primary care patients with and those without symptoms of gastroenteritis. For this purpose, we used fecal samples stored from a case-control study reported in 2001 (17). DNA was extracted as previously described (18), directly from the fecal samples without selenite enrichment. Amplification was performed by using a previously described real-time PCR amplifying a 142-bp region of the 16S rRNA of all Brachyspira species (3), with some minor modifications. The modifications consisted of three species-specific probes targeting B. pilosicoli, B. aalborgi, and "B. hominis" and another reverse primer. These probes were validated against a known set of 66 Brachyspira-positive samples (cultured isolates and histopathologically positive samples) and 26 Brachyspira-negative samples (3). The PCR protocol and primer and probe sequences are supplied in Table 1. PCR inhibition was defined as a PhHV cycle threshold value greater than the average of all PCRs plus 2 times the standard deviation. Samples exceeding this value and all Brachyspira-positive samples were reextracted from the original fecal samples. Samples were excluded from analysis if the internal control exceeded the cutoff again. Statistical analyses were performed by using IBM SPSS Statistics version 20 (release 20.0.0) for Macintosh OS X.Samples from 736 cases and 465 controls were available. Four samples (three cases and one control) had to be excluded due to inhibition of the PCR. T...

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Human intestinal spirochetosis in Japan; its incidence, clinicopathologic features, and genotypic identification

Cited by 86 publications

References 22 publications

Human intestinal spirochetosis is significantly associated with sessile serrated adenomas/polyps

Human intestinal spirochetosis is significantly associated with sessile serrated adenomas/polyps

Cancer stem cell-related factors are associated with the efficacy of pre-operative chemoradiotherapy for locally advanced rectal cancer

Brachyspira Species and Gastroenteritis in Humans

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