Brachyspira Species and Gastroenteritis in Humans

Westerman, Laurens J.; Boer, Richard F. de; Roelfsema, Jeroen H.; Friesema, Ingrid; Kortbeek, L. M.; Wagenaar, Jaap A.; Bonten, Marc J. M.; Kusters, Johannes G.

doi:10.1128/jcm.01069-13

Cited by 12 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 30 publications

(33 reference statements)

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“…The members of the genus Brachyspira are thought to be pathogenic to pigs, birds, dogs and humans and may be a cause of gastroenteritis, UC, acute diarrhea and IBS [ 62 ]. It is also known that some of these species can colonize the gut of mice; however, it is not known whether this genus has a pathogenic effect in this case.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dynamics of Changes in the Gut Microbiota of Healthy Mice Fed with Lactic Acid Bacteria and Bifidobacteria

et al. 2022

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Probiotics are living microorganisms that provide numerous health benefits for their host. Probiotics have various effects on the body; for example, they change gut microbiota, improve the integrity of the epithelial barrier and have anti-inflammatory effects. The use of probiotic supplements that are based on lactic acid bacteria and bifidobacteria is one of the approaches that are used to balance gut microflora. In our study, we evaluated the effects of supplements, which were based on members of the Lactobacillaceae family and bifidobacteria, on the gut microbiome of healthy mice using the 16S rRNA sequencing method. The data that were obtained demonstrated that when mice received the probiotic supplements, statistically significant changes occurred in the composition of the microbiome at the phylum level, which were characterized by an increase in the number of Actinobacteriota, Bacteroidota, Verrucomicrobia and Proteobacteria, all of which have potentially positive effects on health. At the generic level, a decrease in the abundance of members of the Nocardioides, Helicobacter and Mucispirillum genus, which are involved in inflammatory processes, was observed for the group of mice that was fed with lactic acid bacteria. For the group of mice that was fed with bifidobacteria, a decrease was seen in the number of members of the Tyzzerella and Akkermansia genus. The results of our study contribute to the understanding of changes in the gut microbiota of healthy mice under the influence of probiotics. It was shown that probiotics that are based on members of the Lactobacillaceae family have a more positive effect on the gut microbiome than probiotics that are based on bifidobacteria.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dynamics of Changes in the Gut Microbiota of Healthy Mice Fed with Lactic Acid Bacteria and Bifidobacteria

et al. 2022

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“…Brachyspira spp. are known as intestinal pathogens in pigs and humans (68,69), although recent studies show that Brachyspira spp. are more widespread in the wildlife community than previously thought, including in freshwater (70).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Metagenomic Shotgun Analyses Reveal Complex Patterns of Intra- and Interspecific Variation in the Intestinal Microbiomes of Codfishes

Riiser

Haverkamp

Varadharajan

et al. 2020

Appl Environ Microbiol

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The relative importance of host-specific selection or environmental factors in determining the composition of the intestinal microbiome in wild vertebrates remains poorly understood. Here, we used metagenomic shotgun sequencing of individual specimens to compare the levels of intra- and interspecific variation of intestinal microbiome communities in two ecotypes (NEAC and NCC) of Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua) that have distinct behavior and habitats and three Gadidae species that occupy a range of ecological niches. Interestingly, we found significantly diverged microbiomes among the two Atlantic cod ecotypes. Interspecific patterns of variation are more variable, with significantly diverged communities for most species’ comparisons, apart from the comparison between coastal cod (NCC) and Norway pout (Trisopterus esmarkii), whose community compositions are not significantly diverged. The absence of consistent species-specific microbiomes suggests that external environmental factors, such as temperature, diet, or a combination thereof, comprise major drivers of the intestinal community composition of codfishes. IMPORTANCE The composition of the intestinal microbial community associated with teleost fish is influenced by a diversity of factors, ranging from internal factors (such as host-specific selection) to external factors (such as niche occupation). These factors are often difficult to separate, as differences in niche occupation (e.g., diet, temperature, or salinity) may correlate with distinct evolutionary trajectories. Here, we investigate four gadoid species with contrasting levels of evolutionary separation and niche occupation. Using metagenomic shotgun sequencing, we observed distinct microbiomes among two Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua) ecotypes (NEAC and NCC) with distinct behavior and habitats. In contrast, interspecific patterns of variation were more variable. For instance, we did not observe interspecific differentiation between the microbiomes of coastal cod (NCC) and Norway pout (Trisopterus esmarkii), whose lineages underwent evolutionary separation over 20 million years ago. The observed pattern of microbiome variation in these gadoid species is therefore most parsimoniously explained by differences in niche occupation.

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“…include commensal strains that contribute to colonization resistance against bacterial pathogens, 44 as well as strains that cause diarrhea or other infections. 45,46 Notably, pathogenic E. coli (e.g., ETEC, STEC) were no more common among treatment relative to control children by the highly sensitive (>90%) and specific (≥99%) qualitative multiplex assay we used, 47 suggesting that the higher relative abundance of Escherichia in the treatment group was not driven by increases in pathogenic E. coli. Overall, the higher relative abundance of several human enterobacteria among treatment children compared to controls suggests that chlorination-mediated impacts on the gut microbiome could support engraftment of commensal strains.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Drinking water chlorination has minor effects on the intestinal flora and resistomes of Bangladeshi children

et al. 2022

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Healthy development of the gut microbiome provides long-term health benefits. Children raised in countries with high infectious disease burdens are frequently exposed to antibiotics and diarrheal pathogens, which perturb gut microbiome assembly. A recent cluster-randomized trial MainNormal assembly of the early-life gut microbiome is critical for human health. The gut microbiome is seeded during birth and stabilizes to an adult-like configuration by the third year of life. 1 The progressive, unperturbed colonization of the intestinal tract during this time window is likely essential to the establishment and maturation of multiple developmental pathways related to metabolism, allergy development, weight gain, disease susceptibility, and mental health. [2][3][4][5] Children raised in low-and middle-income countries (LMICs) are at high risk of early-life environmental insults that might disrupt optimal gut microbiome development. Due to poor sanitation and lack of access to clean drinking water, children living in poverty are frequently exposed to enteric pathogens. 6 Pathogen establishment and proliferation in the intestinal tract can perturb the normal gut microbiome by triggering local and systemic inflammation. 7,8 In areas with a high infectious disease burden, children also frequently consume antibiotics. In urban Bangladesh, children younger than two years are treated with antibiotics at a rate more than five-times higher than that among similarly aged children in the United States. 9,10 Frequent antibiotic use early in life diminishes gut microbiota diversity, enriches for antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs), and reduces microbiome richness while increasing variability. 11,12 In the United States, these perturbations have been linked to increased risk of multiple childhood-onset health disorders, including asthma, allergy rhinitis, and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. 5 Water chlorination is a promising strategy for reducing exposure to enteric pathogens and associated antibiotic use among young children in LMICs, 13 with potential benefits for the gut microbiome and long-term health. Chlorination inactivates many microorganisms present in water and reduces recontamination during transport and storage. 14 By reducing children's exposures to pathogens, chlorination could prevent the early establishment and proliferation of pathogens in the gut and the subsequent use of antibiotics. However, water chlorination could indirectly affect the developing gut microbiome in other ways. Chlorination does not inactivate all

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Brachyspira Species and Gastroenteritis in Humans

Cited by 12 publications

References 30 publications

Dynamics of Changes in the Gut Microbiota of Healthy Mice Fed with Lactic Acid Bacteria and Bifidobacteria

Dynamics of Changes in the Gut Microbiota of Healthy Mice Fed with Lactic Acid Bacteria and Bifidobacteria

Metagenomic Shotgun Analyses Reveal Complex Patterns of Intra- and Interspecific Variation in the Intestinal Microbiomes of Codfishes

Drinking water chlorination has minor effects on the intestinal flora and resistomes of Bangladeshi children

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