Human Intestinal Microbiota: Interaction Between Parasites and the Host Immune Response

Partida-Rodríguez, Oswaldo; Serrano-Vázquez, Angélica; Nieves-Ramı́rez, Miriam; Morán, Patricia; Rojas, Liliana; Preußer, Tobias; González, Enrique A.; Hernández, E.; Finlay, B. Brett; Ximénez, Cecilia

doi:10.1016/j.arcmed.2017.11.015

Cited by 86 publications

(83 citation statements)

References 118 publications

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“…The gut microbiota has essential role in resistance to colonization by enteric pathogens, including parasitic protozoa, in the gut [37,38]. Therefore, disruption in the compositional development of gut microbiota in early life might also alter the pathophysiology of parasitic infection either by promoting infection or by conferring resistance [39][40][41]. The decrease in diversity on dol 11 and total bacteria on dol 15 may support previous findings that protozoan infections can disrupt the enteric microbiota.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 75%

The fecal microbiota evolves differently in piglets experimentally infected with Cystoisospora suis that are treated with toltrazuril

Shrestha¹,

Metzler‐Zebeli²,

Karembe³

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Background: The protozoan parasite Cystoisospora suis causes diarrhea and reduced weight gain in suckling piglets. Infections with C. suis occur in the first days of life; it is transient but can lead to dysbiosis, exacerbating disease and increasing mortality. Cystoisosporosis is effectively controlled by toltrazuril treatment; however, alterations of the gut microbial composition upon infection and treatment have not been investigated. This study evaluated the development of fecal microbiota of C. suis infected piglets in response to treatment with toltrazuril.Methods: Thirty-eight conventional piglets were infected with C. suis on the first day of life (dol 1). Twenty-six of them received either parenteral or oral toltrazuril two days later. Fecal samples were collected pre- and post-weaning (dol 1-15 and 31-38) for microbiota analysis using 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing and during dol 5-18 to determine fecal consistency and parasite excretion.Results: All piglets in the control group shed parasites at least once and the majority developed diarrhea, while toltrazuril-treated piglets did not excrete parasites and only had low levels of diarrhea. Age-related shifts in the fecal microbiota composition and increase in diversity and species richness were seen until after weaning. Infection with C. suis disrupted bacterial maturation two weeks after infection. Irrespective of the route of administration, fecal communities of piglets in the treated groups clustered separately and were more diverse compared to that of control piglets during the acute phase of infection on dol 11. Control piglet feces showed higher levels of Fusobacteriaceae and Veillonellaceae, while Ruminococcaceae, Lachnospiraceae, S24-7, Clostridiaceae and Erysipelotrichaceae were more abundant in feces of treated piglets on dol 11. After weaning, treatment-related effects on the microbial communities diminished and were presumably masked by changes associated with weaning.Conclusion: Irrespective of the administration route, toltrazuril prevented C. suis-related dysbiosis and maintained species richness and diversity on dol 11. In addition to cystoisosporosis prevention, toltrazuril seems to contribute to the stabilization of the gut microbial development during the suckling phase and thus may reduce the need for antibiotics to control infections with secondary bacterial enteropathogens in C. suis-infected suckling piglets.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 75%

The fecal microbiota evolves differently in piglets experimentally infected with Cystoisospora suis that are treated with toltrazuril

Shrestha¹,

Metzler‐Zebeli²,

Karembe³

et al. 2020

Preprint

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“…The human microbiome at various sites in/on the human body is gaining increasing importance with regard to overall health and disease (30)(31)(32)(33)(34)(35)(36). Additionally, individual gut bacterial species have been implicated in the development of normal host responses (32), nutritional needs (37), and helping to create microenvironments that are more resistant to pathogens (35,38). However, these types of interactions between the host and resident bacteria have not been well elucidated related to the acquired microbiomes in the various niches of the oral cavity.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microbiome Profiles of Ligature-Induced Periodontitis in Nonhuman Primates across the Life Span

Kirakodu

Chen

Martinez³

et al. 2019

Infect Immun

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This investigation compared the microbiomes colonizing teeth during the initiation, progression, and resolution of periodontitis in nonhuman primates (Macaca mulatta) at different ages. Subgingival plaque samples were collected at baseline; 0.5, 1, and 3 months following ligature-induced periodontitis; and following naturally occurring disease resolution at 5 months. Samples were analyzed using 16S amplicon sequencing to identify bacterial profiles across age groups: young (<3 years of age), adolescent (3 to 7 years), adult (12 to 15 years), and aged (17 to 23 years). α-Diversity of the microbiomes was greater in the adult/aged samples than in the young/adolescent samples. β-Diversity of the samples demonstrated clear age group differences, albeit individual variation in microbiomes between animals within the age categories was noted. Phylum distributions differed between the young/adolescent animals and the adult/aged animals at each of the time points, showing an enrichment of the phyla Spirochetes, Fusobacteria, and Bacteroidetes associated with periodontitis. Major differences in the top 50 operational taxonomic units (OTUs) were noted in the young and adolescent microbiomes during initiation and progression postligation compared to the adult and aged animals. The proportions of a large number of species in the top 50 OTUs were lower at baseline and in resolved disease microbiomes in the young samples, while profiles in adolescent animals were more consistent with the disease microbiomes. Microbiome profiles for resolution for adults and aged animals appeared more resilient and generally maintained a pattern similar to that of disease. Use of the model can expand our understanding of the crucial interactions of the oral microbiome and host responses in periodontitis.

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“…type 1 was associated with low IL-10 production in the blood, but that in stool samples Blastocystis sp. generates an anti-in ammatory environment [19,40].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Circulating Cytokine Profiles of Polyparasitized Individuals in Gabon.

M’Bondoukwé¹,

Moutongo²,

Gbédandé³

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Background: Malaria, blood-borne filarial worms and intestinal parasites are all endemic in Gabon. This geographical co-distribution leads to polyparasitism and consequently, the possibility of immune-mediated interactions between different parasite species. Intestinal protozoa and helminths could modulate anti-malarial immunity, for example, thereby potentially increasing or reducing susceptibility to malaria. Methods: Blood and stool samples were collected during cross-sectional surveys in five provinces of Gabon. Parasitological diagnosis was performed to detect plasmodial parasites, Loa loa, Mansonella perstans, intestinal helminths (STH) and protozoan parasites. Nested PCR was used to detect submicroscopic plasmodial infection in individuals with negative blood smears. Cytometric Bead Array was used to quatify interleukin (IL)-6, IL-10 and Tumor Necrosis Factor (TNF)-α in plasma of subjects with different parasitological profiles. Results: Median IL-6 and IL-10 levels and the median IL-10/TNF- α ration were all significantly higher among individuals with Plasmodium (P.) falciparum infection compared to other groups ( P ≤0.0001). The median TNF-α level and IL-10/IL-6 ratio were higher in subjects with STH ( P =0.09) and P. falciparum -intestinal protozoa co-infection ( P =0.04), respectively. IL-6 (r=-0.37; P ≤0.01) and IL-10 (r=-0.37; P ≤0.01) levels, and the IL-10/TNF-α ratio (r=-0.37; P ≤0.01) correlated negatively with age. Among children under five years old, the IL-10/TNF-α and IL-10/IL-6 ratios were higher in those with intestinal protozoan infections compared to uninfected children. The IL-10/TNF-α ratio was also higher in children aged 5-15 years and in adults harbouring blood-borne filariae compared to their control counterparts, whereas the IL-10/IL-6 ratio was lower in those aged 5-15 years with filariae and intestinal parasites but higher in adults with intestinal parasitic infections. Conclusion: Asymptomatic malaria is associated with a strong polarization towards a regulatory immune response, presenting high circulating levels of IL-10. P. falciparum/intestinal protozoa co-infections are associated with an enhanced IL-10 response. Immunity against malaria could differ according to age and carriage of other parasites.

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Human Intestinal Microbiota: Interaction Between Parasites and the Host Immune Response

Cited by 86 publications

References 118 publications

The fecal microbiota evolves differently in piglets experimentally infected with Cystoisospora suis that are treated with toltrazuril

The fecal microbiota evolves differently in piglets experimentally infected with Cystoisospora suis that are treated with toltrazuril

Microbiome Profiles of Ligature-Induced Periodontitis in Nonhuman Primates across the Life Span

Circulating Cytokine Profiles of Polyparasitized Individuals in Gabon.

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