“…Ferroelectric oxides have moreover high dielectric constants, high electromechanical coupling coefficients, permittivity and piezoelectric constants, which are required for sensing. Therefore, materials such as BaTiO 3 [1][2][3], PbZr 0.52 Ti 0.48 O 3 (PZT) [4,5], PbTiO 3 [6,7] and lithium niobate LiNbO 3 [8,9] may be used for sensor devices. Among them, LiNbO 3 is of considerable interest owing to its unique electro-optical [10], piezoelectric [11], and non-linear optical properties [12] combined with good mechanical stability.…”