Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 vpr protein transactivation function: mechanism and identification of domains involved

Forget, J; Yao, Xiaojian; Mercier, Johanne; Cohen, Éric A.

doi:10.1006/jmbi.1998.2206

Cited by 64 publications

(52 citation statements)

References 40 publications

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“…In addition, Vpr has been shown to interact with the viral protein, R interacting protein 1 (Rip-1), and both Rip-1 and Vpr can be co-immunoprecipitated with GR as part of the activated receptor complex (Refaeli et al 1995). Vpr action as a GR cofactor requires an intact GRE and is dependent on the ligand and the presence of the receptor, but is independent of cell-cycle arrest (Sherman et al 2000), as has been suggested by others (Forget et al 1998). In addition, GR affinity can vary in patients with AIDS, with some expressing normal affinity GR and others low-affinity receptors (Norbiato et al 1997).…”

Section: Effect Of Viral Proteins On Grmentioning

confidence: 66%

Role of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis, glucocorticoids and glucocorticoid receptors in toxic sequelae of exposure to bacterial and viral products

Webster

Sternberg

2004

Journal of Endocrinology

164

124

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The hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis is activated during many bacterial and viral infections, resulting in an increase in circulating glucocorticoid levels. This HPA axis activation and glucocorticoid response are critical for the survival of the host, as demonstrated by the fact that removal of the HPA axis (by adrenalectomy or hypophysectomy) or glucocorticoid receptor (GR) blockade enhances the severity of the infection and in some cases enhances the mortality rate. Replacement with a synthetic glucocorticoid reverses these effects by reducing the severity of the infection and provides protection against lethal effects. In addition, some bacteria and viral infections have been shown to affect the GR directly. These have been described and the implications of such an effect discussed.

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Section: Effect Of Viral Proteins On Grmentioning

confidence: 66%

Role of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis, glucocorticoids and glucocorticoid receptors in toxic sequelae of exposure to bacterial and viral products

Webster

Sternberg

2004

Journal of Endocrinology

164

124

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Moreover, the absolute levels of nuclear-associated viral cDNA were approximately sevenfold higher with the wt virus than with the cPPT-defective virus. The integrity of the fractionation procedure was validated by detection of mitochondrial DNA and ␤-globin DNA, as described previously (18,36,38). Results showed that mitochondrial and ␤-globin DNAs were found solely in the cytoplasm and the nucleus, respectively (Fig.…”

mentioning

confidence: 86%

Assessment of the Role of the Central DNA Flap in Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Replication by Using a Single-Cycle Replication System

Yao

Cohen

2004

J Virol

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“…In contrast, this protein does not appear to confer a significant viral growth advantage in primary T cells (11,12). However, recent studies provided evidence that vpr up-regulates HIV-1 replication during infection of dividing T cells as a result of its capacity of modulating the cell cycle progression (13)(14)(15). In this regard, it has been demonstrated that vpr expression can induce cell cycle arrest in the G 2 /M phase (13, 14, 16 -22).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Dual Role of the HIV-1 Vpr Protein in the Modulation of the Apoptotic Response of T Cells

Conti¹,

Matarrese

Varano³

et al. 2000

The Journal of Immunology

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We investigated the effect of vpr, physiologically expressed during the course of an acute HIV-1 infection, on the response of infected cells to apoptotic stimuli as well as on the HIV-induced apoptosis. At 48 h after infection, Jurkat cells exhibited a lower susceptibility to undergo apoptosis with respect to uninfected cells. This effect was not observed following infection with either a vpr-mutated virus or a wild-type strain in the presence of antisense oligodeoxynucleotides targeted at vpr mRNA. Single-cell analysis, aimed at simultaneously identifying apoptotic and infected cells, revealed that resistance to apoptosis correlated with productive infection. Notably, vpr-dependent protection from induced apoptosis was also observed in HIV-1-infected PBMC. In contrast, at later stages of infection, a marked increase in the number of cells spontaneously undergoing apoptosis was detected in infected cultures. This virus-induced apoptosis involved vpr expression and predominantly occurred in productively infected cells. These results indicate that HIV-1 vpr can exert opposite roles in the regulation of apoptosis, which may depend on the level of its intracellular expression at different stages of HIV-1 infection. The dual function of vpr represents a novel mechanism in the complex strategy evolved by HIV to influence the turnover of T lymphocytes leading to either viral persistence or virus release and spreading.

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Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 vpr protein transactivation function: mechanism and identification of domains involved

Cited by 64 publications

References 40 publications

Role of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis, glucocorticoids and glucocorticoid receptors in toxic sequelae of exposure to bacterial and viral products

Role of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis, glucocorticoids and glucocorticoid receptors in toxic sequelae of exposure to bacterial and viral products

Assessment of the Role of the Central DNA Flap in Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Replication by Using a Single-Cycle Replication System

Dual Role of the HIV-1 Vpr Protein in the Modulation of the Apoptotic Response of T Cells

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