Human immunodeficiency virus prevalence, incidence, and residual transmission risk in first‐time and repeat blood donations in <scp>Z</scp>imbabwe: implications on blood safety

Mapako, Tonderai; Mvere, D; Chitiyo, McLeod E.; Rusakaniko, Simbarashe; Postma, Maarten J.; Hulst, Marinus van

doi:10.1111/trf.12311

Cited by 17 publications

(35 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…As in another multivariate analysis study in which cases matched with controls for sex and age group, we did not find a correlation of HIV risk with type of donation (voluntary nonremunerated vs. family or replacement) . This is opposite to the findings of many other studies, but none of those considered sex and age group as potential confounding factors. We showed that level of education is associated with HIV infection as reported previously, but we were not able to identify which level of education is involved in that association; level of knowledge on HIV infection, alcohol consumption, and circumcision may be confounding factors .…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 99%

Risk factors for human immunodeficiency virus among blood donors in Cameroon: evidence for the design of an Africa‐specific donor history questionnaire

et al. 2017

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 99%

Risk factors for human immunodeficiency virus among blood donors in Cameroon: evidence for the design of an Africa‐specific donor history questionnaire

et al. 2017

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“…One problem with the aggregate published literature in which Methods 1 through 7 have been applied is the lack of a consistent definition of a repeat donor. In some studies, a repeat donor designation referred, either implicitly or explicitly, to individuals who donated before an estimation interval . In other studies, there was no discussion of whether a history of donation before the estimation interval was part of the definition .…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…We also considered modifications of three of the seven methods as follows: In two reported studies, only donors who had a history of donation before the estimation interval were included in the incidence estimation by Method 1, whereas there was no mention of a requirement for prior donation in the three other studies in which Method 1 was used . Therefore, Method 1 was applied to the simulated data with and without the requirement for a donation before the estimation interval.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Because repeat blood donors are tested for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and other transfusion‐transmitted infections (TTIs) at every donation, they provide a convenient source of longitudinal data for estimating the incidence of viral infections. There are at least seven methods in the literature for estimating HIV incidence in donors . Although, under all seven approaches, incidence ( I ) is estimated as I = cases/total time at risk, the methods differ in how cases are identified and how the time at risk is calculated.…”

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A comparison of methods for estimating the incidence of human immunodeficiency virus infection in repeat blood donors

et al. 2016

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BACKGROUND HIV incidence in repeat blood donors has been estimated by 7 methods. While incidence is always calculated as cases/person-time, approaches to selecting cases and calculating person-time vary. Incidence estimates have not been compared among methods. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS The methods were compared in a simulation study. Because three methods use information from donations made before an estimation interval, 8 years of donation and infection history were simulated, with years 7 and 8 treated as the estimation interval for all methods. An exponential random variate was assigned to each donor to simulate time to infection. Infection risk was constant over 8 years in one scenario but increased at various rates in 7 others. The infection risk scenarios were combined with 4 mixes of donation frequency to generate 32 test conditions. RESULTS Three methods produced biased estimates under all conditions. Three others were biased under most conditions. Bias from most methods increased as donation frequency declined. The single method that consistently produced unbiased estimates was the only method that involved the standard epidemiological approach of tabulating all interdonation intervals (IDIs) within the estimation interval. Bias was eliminated from one of the consistently biased methods by a simple modification that involved the average IDI in a sample of donors. CONCLUSION The standard epidemiological approach is recommended if required data are available. Otherwise, the modified method involving the estimated average IDI should be considered. Investigators should use caution when comparing incidence estimates among studies with different estimation methods and/or donation frequencies.

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A systematic approach for reviewing research capacity within Zimbabwe's national blood service

Mapako

Mafirakureva

Mutenherwa

et al. 2016

ISBT Science Series

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Background Blood services need to undertake research to improve their strategic goals, operational effectiveness and promote evidence-based policies. NBSZ has a long history of active research and undertook a systematic review of its research capacity to guide its new research strategy. In the absence of a published approach for research capacity assessment for national blood services, a framework to assess research capacity in African universities was used.Methods Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 85 NBSZ internal and external stakeholders. The interview topics were based on eight areas covered by the framework used to assess universities' research systems. Information was verified through triangulation, and recommended actions emerging from the review were validated at a national stakeholder workshop. The appropriateness of the framework for use in the setting of blood services was also evaluated.Results Synthesis of information from the multiperspective interviews highlighted key areas of NBSZ's research capacity for improvement, in particular better dissemination of NBSZ's research priorities and closer ties with academics and their institutions for preparing research proposals and jointly undertaking research projects. With minor adaptations, the framework was found to be applicable to NBSZ, and no aspects of research capacity were identified which were not covered by the framework. DiscussionOur results indicate that it is feasible and useful to apply a structured process to review the research capacity of blood services. However, the framework needs to be tested in blood services and other non-university setting to assess its usefulness and transferability.

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Human immunodeficiency virus prevalence, incidence, and residual transmission risk in first‐time and repeat blood donations in Zimbabwe: implications on blood safety

Cited by 17 publications

References 20 publications

Risk factors for human immunodeficiency virus among blood donors in Cameroon: evidence for the design of an Africa‐specific donor history questionnaire

Risk factors for human immunodeficiency virus among blood donors in Cameroon: evidence for the design of an Africa‐specific donor history questionnaire

A comparison of methods for estimating the incidence of human immunodeficiency virus infection in repeat blood donors

A systematic approach for reviewing research capacity within Zimbabwe's national blood service

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