Human immunodeficiency virus and hepatotropic viruses co-morbidities as the inducers of liver injury progression

Abstract

Hepatotropic viruses induced hepatitis progresses much faster and causes more liver- related health problems in people co-infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Although treatment with antiretroviral therapy has extended the life expectancy of people with HIV, liver disease induced by hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) causes significant numbers of non-acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS)-related deaths in co-infected patients. In recent years, new insights into the mechanisms of accelerated fibrosis and liver disease progression in HIV/HCV and HIV/HBV co-infections have been reported. In this paper, we review recent studies examining the natural history and pathogenesis of liver disease in HIV-HCV/HBV co-infection in the era of direct acting antivirals (DAA) and antiretroviral therapy (ART). We also review the novel therapeutics for management of HIV/HCV and HIV/HBV co-infected individuals.

CCl4-Induced Liver Injury Was Ameliorated by Qi-Ge Decoction through the Antioxidant Pathway

“…When excessive xenobiotics, such as toxic drugs, chemicals, and viruses, cannot be eliminated in a timely manner, they can damage the liver (often by ROS), leading to acute or chronic liver injury [15][16][17]. CCl 4 is a toxic xenobiotic that causes hepatocyte necrosis and liver damage and is often used as a model toxin for the induction of liver injury and evaluating the protective effect of drugs [18,19].…”

Excess liver‐related mortality among people with AIDS compared to the general population: an Italian nationwide cohort study using multiple causes of death

“…people coinfected with HBV or HCV show a higher probability of developing liver fibrosis and cirrhosis, conditions that lead to an increased risk of progression to hepatocellular carcinoma [28]. Moreover, cirrhosis complications such as variceal bleed, hepatorenal syndrome, hepatic encephalopathy, and acute liver failure contribute to a higher death risk in these individuals [29].…”

Seroprevalence of hepatitis B, hepatitis C and HIV infection among patients undergoing haemodialysis in Buenos Aires, Argentina

“…The prevalence rate varies among countries and even among health centres within the same area [2,[4][5][6]. Coinfection is a common finding among HD patients and it may be associated with the worst clinical outcomes [7][8][9].…”