Human Immune Responses in Cryptosporidiosis

Borad, Anoli; Ward, Honorine

doi:10.2217/fmb.09.128

Cited by 88 publications

(101 citation statements)

References 100 publications

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“…3,4 The immune system of the host is critical in mediating protection from and resolution of cryptosporidiosis. 6 In immunocompetent hosts, the infection is generally asymptomatic or self-limited. However, in immunocompromised hosts including patients with HIV/AIDS, the disease can be chronic, severe, and possibly fatal.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Systemic Antibody Responses to the Immunodominant p23 Antigen and p23 Polymorphisms in Children with Cryptosporidiosis in Bangladesh

Borad¹,

Allison²,

Wang³

et al. 2012

The American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

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Abstract. Cryptosporidium is a major cause of diarrhea in children in developing countries. However, there is no vaccine available and little is known about immune responses to protective antigens. We investigated antibody responses to p23, a putative vaccine candidate, in children in Bangladesh with cryptosporidiosis and diarrhea (cases) and uninfected children with diarrhea (controls), and p23 gene polymorphisms in infecting species. Serum IgM, IgG, and IgA responses to p23 were significantly greater in cases than controls after three weeks of follow-up. Cases with acute diarrhea had significantly greater serum IgA and IgM responses than those with persistent diarrhea, which suggested an association with protection from prolonged disease. The p23 sequences were relatively conserved among infecting species and subtype families. Although most children were infected with Cryptosporidium hominis, there was a cross-reactive antibody response to C. parvum antigen. These results support further development of p23 as a vaccine candidate.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Systemic Antibody Responses to the Immunodominant p23 Antigen and p23 Polymorphisms in Children with Cryptosporidiosis in Bangladesh

Borad¹,

Allison²,

Wang³

et al. 2012

The American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

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“…The clinical signs of the calves challenged with C. parvum oocysts were similar to symptoms described in previous studies. 2,8 Most of the signs and symptoms correlated with the excretion of oocysts, with the exception of the profile of cytokines. Studies of human and animal cryptosporidiosis have indicated that the cytokine IFN-g is important for resistance to and clearance of the infection.…”

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confidence: 98%

Infection of Cattle With Cryptosporidium parvum

Yang

et al. 2013

Vet Pathol

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Mast cells might play an important role as the major effector cells in the immune response against Cryptosporidium parvum. C. parvum is a protozoan parasite that causes cryptosporidiosis in animals and humans worldwide. To investigate the interaction between C. parvum and mast cells during infection, nine 3-day-old male calves were orally challenged with 10 6 oocysts of C. parvum per calf. The distribution of mast cells in the mucosa of the small intestine was analyzed by toluidine blue staining. The concentrations of histamine and the cytokines interferon-g, interleukin-4, interleukin-2, and interleukin-12 were measured in the serum, and the histamine levels were also determined from the intestinal contents. The following clinical signs were monitored: nausea, watery diarrhea, dehydration, and weight loss. Oocysts were shed in the feces during the infection period. C. parvum infection induced an increase in mast cell numbers in the mucosa of the small intestine in distinct temporal and spatial patterns. Infection with C. parvum can induce mastocytosis in the entire small intestinal mucosa in immune-competent calves, and the presence of the parasites influences the distribution profile of the mast cells.

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“…The experiments showed the total protein concentration (antibody) of BALB/c mice has significantly increased after 16th day of oocyst treatment ( (Borad and Ward 2010). Attachment to the apical cell surface by Cryptosporidium, as well as molecules inserted into host cells after attachment, can activate host cell signal pathways and thereby alter cell function.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Immune response of newborn BALB/c mice to Cryptosporidium infection

et al. 2014

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Cryptosporidium parvum is a protozoan parasite which causes diarrheal in human and animals worldwide. Infection transmission has reported through oralfecal by infectious objects through foods and drinks. In this study we explored the immune response pathway in animal model for C. parvum to develop the new treatment way. Oocysts collected from fecal positive for C. parvum and diluted about 1:5 in sucrose solution. New born BALB/c mice (3 days) divided to 2 different groups. Control group hadn't received any oocyst, the test groups received 5 9 10 5 oocysts. 5 mice selected for each control group and 11 mice chosen for each test group. Blood collected from heart bleeds in days of 6, 9, 12 and 16. Protein concentrations determined by bio-photometer. Dot blotting used to find out total antibody concentrations oocyst antigen. Among the test and the control groups, blots appeared in test group which means antibody production, but not any blot observed in the control groups. The non-characteristic proteins in serum were measured by the biophotometer. In this study, we investigated antibody serum production against C. parvum oocysts in new born BALB/c mice. The detected antibody through dot blot technique was our aims which had conjugated to our characteristic antiserum. The recorded numbers for the controls by biophotometer related to the non characteristic proteins in serum. The results of this study can used to produce polyclonal or monoclonal antibodies against cryptosporidiosis.

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Human Immune Responses in Cryptosporidiosis

Abstract: Immune responses play a critical role in protection from, and resolution of, cryptosporidiosis. However, the nature of these responses, particularly in humans, is not completely understood.

Cited by 88 publications

References 100 publications

Systemic Antibody Responses to the Immunodominant p23 Antigen and p23 Polymorphisms in Children with Cryptosporidiosis in Bangladesh

Systemic Antibody Responses to the Immunodominant p23 Antigen and p23 Polymorphisms in Children with Cryptosporidiosis in Bangladesh

Infection of Cattle With Cryptosporidium parvum

Immune response of newborn BALB/c mice to Cryptosporidium infection

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